Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The new grapes varieties of should have ecological plasticity, suitability for mechanization of processes for bush caring, have a high quality of the crop, including an increased content of biologically valuable substances. At present, the special interest is manifested in varieties with group resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, diseases and pests that allow us to effectively cultivate their varieties in the own-root culture. This article gives the botanical, agrobiological and economic-technological characteristic of the new table grapes variety of Souvenir DSVOSViO when it is cultivated in the ecological conditions of Southern Dagestan. A new table variety of DSESVV breeding (hybrid form G-62) was obtained by crossing of grapes varieties of Agadai and Linyan Bely. One of the main advantages of the new grapes variety is a compact, beautiful bunch of medium-size and original star shape form. The berry is large, the skin of the berries is quite thick. The taste is simple and pleasant. The berries are hard and withstand the crushing load of 1726-1800 g, and when removed from the fruit-stem � 400-417 g. The yield capacity of a new variety at a feeding area of 3.5 x 2.0 m is 7.4-8.5 kg/bush or 105.6-121.4 centner/hectar. The resistance of the new variety to fungal diseases and pests is average and it is tolerant to the own-root form of phylloxera. The yield of 20-year-old bushes in the own-root culture is more than 100 c/hectar, therefore a new grapes variety of Souvenir DSVOSViO in the conditions of the South of Russia can be promising when cultivation of own-root culture. The selected hybrid form will transferred to the State Commission for Testing and Preservation of Breeding Achievements in 2017.

Annotation

The natural edaphoclimatic conditions of the Republic of Dagestan are favorable for growing grapes of different ripening periods and different directions of use. The cultivated assortment in the region is mainly represented by introduced varieties, but the potential of local varieties is much higher, so in the future viticulture should rely on local, highly adaptive, high-quality, consistently productive and advanced varieties that give exclusive wine products. The breeding renewal of the domestic grape assortment will allow to successfully solve the problems of import substitution in the viticulture industry of the Republic of Dagestan. The selection of elite grape seedlings took place on the basis of five-year studies. The main criterion for the selection of elite seedlings is stable yield capacity, plant resistance to diseases and pests, tolerance to the root form of phylloxera. The created hybrid fund of grapes will serve as a basis for improving breeding work in accordance with the objectives of research. The purpose of the research is to breed high-quality, relatively resistant to phylloxera and fungal diseases, varieties adapted to edaphoclimatic conditions. The varieties should have varietal flavor, the optimal ratio of sugar content and acidity in berry juice, high content of biologically active substances. In the conditions of Dagestan, the Pervenets Magaracha variety shows high adaptability and yield capacity. This variety is widely involved in the breeding program of crosses of the station as a donor of stability. Agrobiological study of hybrid forms of grapes was carried out in the hybrid nursery of DBESV&VG. The article presents an agrobiological and economic and technological assessment of elite seedlings of the station�s new breeding, bred by hybridization of native varieties and the PervenetsMagaracha variety as a donor of resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. The selected elite seedling 13-6-13 (Khatmi x Pervenets Magaracha) is distinguished by high quality indicators, showed biological endurance in hybrid nursery against a strong infectious background for phylloxera and fungal diseases. The use of the PervenetsMagaracha variety in the breeding of new varieties, with the involvement of Dagestan native varieties, allows obtaining genotypes with high resistance to diseases and pests of grapes in Dagestan.

Annotation

Use of growth regulators on seed varieties of grape allowed to increase the number of berries in the bunch, to get full seedless of bunch, and also to increase the yield capacity. In addition, used drugs improved several the process of maturation of shoots

Annotation

In the article are presented the botanical, agrobiological and economic-technological characteristics of a new table grape variety with the working Name Pamyati Peytel (G-7-26-258), in the ecological conditions of Southern Daghestan. The hybrid form G-7-26-258 obtained by crossing the varieties Nimrang x Agadai, belongs to the group of varieties of the middle-late ripening period. The duration of the growing season is 140 days with the sum of active temperatures 2980 º�. Bushes of great growth, annual shoots ripen by 90-95 %. The cluuster is large, cylindrical, of medium density and dense. The berry is large, flattened, slightly lobated, light yellowish. The skin is of medium strength. The pulp is dense, thick-walled. The taste is harmonious, pleasant, refreshing. The seeds in the berry are two or four, more often one or three. The yield is 13-15 kg per bush. The sugar content of the juice is 161 g/dm3 , the titratable acidity is 5.9 g/dm3 . The transportability is high. Resistance to fungal diseases and pests in comparison with other tablezoned varieties is high. The variety shows tolerance to the root phylloxera, reaching a yield of more than 10 kg per bush in its own rooted culture at the age of more than 20 years against the background of overall phylloxera infestation. Winter hardiness is high, and frost resistance is sufficient for the open-earth zone of the coastal areas of the Republic of Daghestan � in 2012 at -17.8 º� the death of eyes was 33.2 %. The yield of the hybrid form of grapes G-7-26-258 is recommended for fresh consumption, export and storage. The introduction of the variety into production will contribute to the expansion of the assortment and conveyor of the Republic of Daghestan table grapes.

Annotation

The data of estimation of damage degree of native grape varieties buds, breeding DBESV&O and hybrid forms as a result of influence of critical winter temperatures in 2012 in Daghestan condition are presented. The coefficient of fruitfulness of studied varieties is determined and varieties with high degree of winter hardiness are revealed