Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The purpose of the carried out research is development of a way of a formation of sweet cherry trees on a high growing rootstock at high density of plants landing (5,0 x 2,0m). Research are carried out under the soil climatic conditions of LLC "Interinvest", of Stavropol Region. Objects of research are the sweet cherry varieties of various ecological-geographical origin: Zemfira, General-skaya, Donetskiy Ugolyok. The results of research allowing to recommend the new system of pruning of sweet cherry trees on strongly growing rootstock are presented in this article. At this system the low-trunk skeleton of crown with vertically growing the same branches is formed. Periodic rejuvenation of these branches will promote the formation in a crown of young flexible branches (5-6 years). It allows you to carry out the harvesting of sweet cherry fruits without garden ladders and it increases in labor productivity. Use of a strongly growing rootstock stimulates the rapid growth of vertically focused branches in a crown of trees, increases in intensity of process of generative buds formation and accelerates the plants introduction in fructification that gives the chance of getting of industrial harvest of sweet cherry fruits for 2-3 year after laying of branches. It is noted that when increase in stressful influences during cultivation (a heat, a drought, hot dry winds, the frosts) the new system of formation of sweet cherry trees on a strongly growing rootstock in the gardens of intensive type increases in resistance of plants to influence of stressful factors of the environment. When forming a harvest of sweet cherry fruits on the vertical highly growing branches during the early-spring periods of vegetation the decrease in harvest loss from frosts, and also from a hail that more damages the horizontal branches of trees is reached.

Annotation

The estimation of adaptive capacity and main indicators of productivity of sweet cherry and cherry varieties on clonal rootstock VSL-2 is conducted. The possibility of rootstock VSL-2 planting to permanent place with followed different variants of grafting for industrial cultivation of sweet cherry and cherry fruits is revealed

Annotation

The receiving of the big steady apple-tree harvest at the fruit orchards with a high agritechnology and with a strict varieties selection require the correct placement of varieties in a garden area. The careful selection of varieties and their correct placement in the industrial gardens improves the work organization in a garden and promotes of receiving the big harvest of apples. For each main apple variety in the garden it is necessary to select two pollinators. Two pollinators are necessary to guarantee the cross-pollination in the occasion of the one of two pollinators has the periodicity of fructification. The purpose of this work is selection for an apple-tree of the most effective couples: "pollinated variety � variety pollinator" under the conditions of Stavropol Region. In a course of conducted research the terms of blossoming, the compatibility, early fruiting, the productivity and other traits of varieties were considered. The work was carried out using of techniques of fruit varieties study. The combinations of "pollinated variety � a pollinator" were formed on the basis of comparison of terms of blossoming and taking into account the genetic compatibility of varieties. The most varieties in the experience have the highest point of blossoming (5,0 points), the minimum point of blossoming have Kitayka No. 3 and Kitayka Malinovaya (1,0 point). During research of 2011-2013 the apple-tree varieties with restrained growth are allocated; previously the apple-tree varieties lacking in prospect for pollination and perspective for these purposes are defined. In 2013 the Gertrude ��-64-6 apple-tree with productivity 13,1 kg/tree is allocated. Taking into account the average weight of a fruit the apple-trees named Krasnovishnevoye 2-68-10-12 and Chils Krimson ��-63-7-9 (116,6 g and 107,2 g) were allocated among varieties-pollinators.

Annotation

The fruit orchard's areas occupied by an apricot culture in the Stavropol Region are very insignificant. It is noted in the article that the main reason of it is an irregular fructification of an apricot trees because of a short rest period and destruction of floral buds from spring and winter fluctuations of temperature, and also from damage of plants by diseases � clasterosporium and monilia. The problem's solution of increase apricot's area in the region can be provided by the optimal placement of varieties corresponded to the requirements of culture, and also by selection of varieties for landing of gardens, which are more hardy to winter and steady against diseases. The purpose of the presented work is to carry out an economic and biological assessment of apricot varieties on a wild apricot rootstock during 2001-2013 under the conditions of Stavropol Region for allocation varieties for industrial use on totality of valuable signs. Research were conducted on the basis of the Stavropol Experimental Station of Gardening with use of well known techniques of studying of fruit crops varieties. In a course of conducted research and agritechnical calculations it is established that the greatest freezing point of floral and growth buds of studied varieties of apricot trees was 5,0 points in this year. Low temperatures of 2012 winter period led to essential depression of activators of clasterosporium and monilia. As a result of carried out long-term research and assessment of varieties on the main economical valuable signs most the productive apricot varieties with annual fructification are allocated. On the sum of estimating indicators that were defined in the experiment a number of apricot varieties are recommended for industrial use.