Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The results of the two stage study of apple-tree rootstocks on the irrigated plot of "Caspian scientific research institute of arid agriculture" are presented in the article. The purpose of the presented research consisted in the study and selection of apple-tree rootstocks with higher adaptative potential to arid conditions of the Astrakhan Region. As a result of study the high-adapted middle grown rootstocks 54-118 and 57-545 are selected and also semi-dwarfish rootstocks of 62-396, SK2, SK5 and dwarfish rootstocks of P60, CK3, CK4 characterized by high frost resistance of root system and drought resistance, good survival and compatibility with various apple-tree varieties. Over years of research the survival of rootstocks in the apple-tree collection nursery was good and averaged 87,8 %. Layers of an apple-tree of M9, M26, M4 and CK5 have had an absolute survival. The most powerful development and high number of standard rootstocks have P59 and P60 dwarf rootstocks, semi-dwarf rootstocks of 62-396 and SK2 and middle dwarf rootstocks of 54-118 and 57-545. Under the arid conditions of the Astrakhan Region the high survival of the leading zoned apple-tree varieties on the studied vegetative reproduced rootstocks (79-100 %) is established. The apple rootstocks of 62-396, SK3, R60, SK2, SK5, M9 had a rather good safety of survival buds (82-90%). Their safety was high at the middle grown rootstocks of 54-118, 57-545 (94,4-100%). The high quantity of saplings have had the combinations of apple varieties with rootstocks of P60, P59, 62-396, 54-118, CK2, CK3, CK7 (75-100%), low sapling quantity have had a superdwarf PB-4 rootstocks (59%), and also a dwarfish rootstock of P16 (60,5%).

Annotation

The estimation of economical valuable indicators of apple stocks of NCRIH&V breeding is presented in the article. Winter hardiness, indexes of growth, productivity and saplings quality are studied. The most promising rootstocks for arid conditions of the Astrakhan region are identified.

Annotation

The climate of the Astrakhan Region is sharply continental and on the degree of aridity it concedes only to the Central Asian deserts. Continentality is expressed in the contrast between hot summer and cold, windy and snowless winter. In this regard the research on an assessment and selection of perspective variety-rootstock's apple-tree combinations which are ecologically adapted for arid conditions are very actual direction. The assessment of winter hardiness and drought resistance of apple variety-rootstock's combinations under the conditions of the Astrakhan Region is presented in the article. Research was carried out with 27 combinations of an apple-tree on the rootstocks introduced and breeding of NCRRIH&V rootstocks. The studied varieties are Rennet Simirenco, Aydared, Melba. The complex assessment of hot and drought resistance was carried out by a technique of preliminary selection of perspective genotypes with ecological stability and biological value of fruits, a winter hardiness assessment - using a field method. In the course of field tests the difference between apple-tree varieties are determined by resistance to the damaging factors of a cold season. Rennet Simirenko was the most winter-hardy on all rootstocks: frost damage of annual shoots was made 0,1-0,8 points. The insignificant frost damage is noted at Melba on rootstocks of CK 4, CK 7, M 26, SK 2 (0,4-1,0 points). The weak frost damage is noted at Aydared on CK 3, CK 7, CK 5 (1,4-2,2 points). Rennet Simirenko on rootstocks of CK 5, CK 4, CK 7, M 4 had the highest resistance to a drought. The most optimal combination of hot and drought resistance is revealed for Rennet Simirenko on the rootstocks of CK 4, CK 7 and for Aydared on the rootstocks of CK 4, M 4.