Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In the South of Russia where conditions for cultivation of stone fruit cultures are most favorable, the areas of their cultivation significantly decreased. The statistics testifies that more than 70% of the population of Russia are tested by avitaminosis, because the own production covers only 25-30% of minimum required amount of fruits. The correct selection of the assortment of nursery planting will promote to considerably increase in production of fruit crops. The work purpose is the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific materials on the problems of state and development of nursery plantings. The results of analysis of the literary review of foreign and domestic authors on a subject of ensuring stability of nursery planting on the example of cultivation of variety-rootstock�s combinations of sweet cherry are presented in the article. It is shown that for successful development of domestic gardening it is necessary to cultivate the varieties corresponded to the modern requirements to quality of their fruits. It is necessary to use the rootstocks which allow to create the dense highly productive plantings giving the possibility to take a care of them without high labor expenses and capable to give a commodity harvest next year after landing. It is shown that now there is not domestic landing material of fruit crops of standard quality and competitive price in industrial volume. It is necessary in Russia to accelerate the creation of nursery plantings of virus-free material by means of biotechnology and to accelerate the production of the varieties and rootstocks demanded in the intensive gardening. It is especially noted that the state and productivity of fruit orchards, and also the structure and the direction of horticulture industry depend on varieties and rootstocks composition and quality of produced saplings.

Annotation

In the article the data on the influence of rootstocks � cherry seedlings and VSL-2 on height, trunk's diameter, size of one-year shoots and the number of annual branches of sweet cherry scion-rootstock combinations of E.M. Alekhina breeding (N�RRIH&V) in a young garden without irrigation are considered. The data of output of sapling under conditions of low humidity and high summer temperatures are analyzed. In the study the "Program and methodology of varieties study of the fruit, berry and nut crops" have used. The comparison of rooted plants of sweet cherry on different rootstocks is conducted. It is revealed that in the first years of the research the survival of sampling on VSL-2 rootstock is much higher (on average 29%) of that indexes in the almost all combinations. The greatest growth in a young garden have Alaya, Mak, Uyshnaya on seedlings of sweet cherry, and Volshebnitsa on the VSL-2 rootstock. It is noted that all studied combinations (except Alaya) have the height, trunk diameter, number of branches and the amount of annual shoots of the plants on the VSL-2 rootstock significantly greater than that indexes on the sweet cherry rootstock. Analysis of variance of data showed that the share of influence of the factor "genotype of rootstock" on the height of plant cherry is 30,27 %, on the diameter of the trunk � 22,05 %. It is shown that in the early years of plants development without watering the influence of rootstock genotype stronger than the influence of scion genotype (39,63 to 80,60 %). The influence of the scion genotype was observed only on the number of annual branches (6,45%). Two-factor analysis of variance also revealed the combined effect of the factors "genotype of the rootstock" and "scion genotype" on the variability of the studied parameters (0,22-1,54 %) in the early stages of research in a young garden.