Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The modern concept of stable grapes production is based on the strategy of formation of steady agric cenosis with use of biotic and abiotic potential of high-adaptive varieties. The main harmful organisms in the vineyards of the South of Russia are mildew, anthranose, a bacterial cancer and others. At the defeat process of plants they break their growth processes, reduce the biological and economical efficiency and reduce the operation term of grapes plantings. Therefore there is the high need for grapes varieties steady against biotic and abiotic factors of environment. The purpose of this work is selection of genotypes steady against chronic diseases for use in breeding and industrial production. Research of influence of a phytosanitary condition of vineyards on growth and fruitage of V. Vinifera grapes varieties of different origin groups is carried out in the agric and ecological conditions of the Black Sea zone of wine growing (Anapa). The objects of study five groups of grapes varieties of different ecological and geographical origin are used. The monitoring of phytosanitary status of grapes plants during their vegetation is carried out using the methods of estimation of grapes varieties resistance to the dominant harmful organisms. It is established that under abnormal weather conditions the greatest resistance to a bacterial cancer and an infectious chlorosis have the intraspecific hybrids; next in the decreasing order the Convar orientalis Negr follow. (East Asian), Convar pontica Negr. (coasts of the Black Sea), Convar occidentalis Negr. (West European) are followed. The variation of degree of varieties resistance to harmful organisms is also observed within each group. It is shown that the level of productivity of grapes bushes is in the close negative dependence from degree of plants defeat by mildew.