Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Allelic polymorphism of two apple-tree Md-EXP7 and Md-PG1 genes affected the density and the texture of fruits pulp of 21 modern and autochthonic (national breeding) apple-tree varieties of the Crimean are studied. The microsatellite markers to the specified genes, marked by fluorescent colers are used in the work. As result on a gene of Md-EXP7 9 heterozygotic samples (allelic combinations 198:202; 202:206; 202:214) and 11 homozygotic samples (alleles 200:200 and 202:202) are revealed. On a locus of Md-PG1 gene 14 homozygotic samples with an allelic combination 298:298 and 7 heterozygotic samples (alleles 288:298 and 291:298) are identified. It is known when the microsatellite repetition of Md-EXP7 marker is shorter, the fruit pulp is more dense: were Sinap white, Sinap Sudaksky, Amulet, Balaklavskoye and Tatar winter were the most valuable genotypes. On Md-PG1 marker the most valuable were the Amulet, Balaklavskoye, Demir Alma, Kandil Sinap, Salgirskoye and Sinap white with an allelic set 288:298, and also the Rumyanka Crimean and Tatarskoye winter with an allelic set 291:298. The consideration of results of the analysis of allelic polymorphism and combinations of alleles of Md-EXP7 gene of autochthonic Crimea varieties showed that 9 from 11 of national breeding varieties have the alleles of 198, 200 or 202 defining the high (198) or the average level of density (200 and 202). On the basis of its data it is possible to assume the existence of purposeful selection of an apple-tree forms by sign "quality of fruits" in the course of national breeding of an apple-tree in the region of studied varieties origin.

Annotation

The work presents the study results of the effect of microbiological fertilizer EcoRic (Bacillus subtilis subsp. Subtilis, strain BR-1256 - 1-10x9CFU / cm3 ) on the wine grape variety of �Bastardo Magarachskiy� in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea. The objectives of the research included determining the effect of the studied fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of grapes. Crop formation and ripening took place under the hot and dry summer conditions. It was found that double foliar treatment with microbiological EcoRic fertilizer in the application rate of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 l / ha during the period of active growth of shoots (the inflorescence emerge (according to the BBCH-scale53)) and at the beginning of grape flowering (�the inflorescences fully developed, flowers separating"(according to the BBCH-scale57) � "first flower hoods are detached from the receptacle"(according to the BBCHscale 60) had a proper positive effect on increasing in the cropping capacity of grapes per 1 ha: with the rate of application of 2.0 l / ha � by 0.93 t / ha (9.1 %); 3.0 l / ha � by 1.62 t / ha (15.9 %); 4.0 l / ha � by 2.43 t / ha (23.8 %). Double foliar application of the studied fertilizer also contributed to an increase in the average bunch weight by 10.0-24.3 %, an increase in the yield per one record bush by 0.42-1.01 kg (9.1-22.0 %), the leaf surface area of the bush (m2 ) � by 16.3-37.2 %, the average shoot length � by 16.8-22.3 %. The yield collected from variants with foliar application of microbiological EcoRic fertilizer, in terms of quality indicators, was higher than that collected from the control: in that number by mass concentration of sugars in a berry juice � by 10.0-22.3 (4.7-10.5 %) g / dm3.