Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the priority directions of breeding of seed's fruit crops for gardening of South Ural: the winter hardiness, drought resistance, productivity, low growing and quality of fruits. It is noted that in the practical breeding the introduction in production of new varieties of domestic and foreign breeding is important. The gene pool of seed's fruit crops in the collection of the Orenburg experimental station of gardening and wine growing is presented by 379 variety samples: apple-trees - 161; pear-trees - 77; clonal apple-tree rootstocks - 146. It is shown that the use of this genetic fund gives the great opportunities for creation and allocation of new varieties and formation of steady assortment meeting the requirements of modern gardening. By the results of scientific research 13 varieties of seed's fruit crops included in the State register of breeding achievements. 4 varieties of the Orenburg experimental station breeding are transferred to the State variety study. On the basis of studying of genetic collection of an apple-tree, a pear-tree, apple-tree clonal rootstocks and allocation of donors and sources of valuable signs a number of the varieties and perspective hybrids are created with adaptability, productivity and high quality of fruits for further improvement of the existing assortment of seed's fruit crops. The further priority directions of breeding work on seed's fruit crops under the conditions of the changing climate are defined: the resistance to biotic and abiotic factors of the environment of cultivation, productivity, fast fructification he solution of objectives is possible by involvement in the crossings of donors and sources of the valuable signs of both domestic and foreign breeding, allocated as a result of variety study and detection of regularities of inheritance of important signs.