Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The aim of the work is to assess the influence of natural and climatic factors the nitrogen composition of red table wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes growing in the Derbent District of the Republic of Daghestan. Objects of research � the samples of red table wines: No. 1 � harvest 2017, No. 2 � harvest 2018. The wines were made at Derbent sparkling wine factory. The yeast strain S. cerevisiae VKPM Y-4270 was used for fermentation. The study of amino acids and nitrogenous substances in the wine materials was carried out using capillary electrophoresis on devices of the "Kapel 103" and "Kapel 105"series. Physical and chemical parameters were determined by standard methods used in enochemistry. The volume fraction of ethyl spitre was 11.3 and 13.0 % vol. in the studied samples, the mass concentration of titrated acids was 5.0 and 6.0 g/dm3, respectively. The concentration of nitrogenous compounds in the analyzed samples was established: the mass concentration of total nitrogen is 146 and 184 mg / dm3, ammonium ions � 3.1 and 3.2 mg/dm3, and protein � 8.5 and 10.1 mg / dm3, respectively. The protease activity of the S. cerevisiae strain VKPM Y-4270 was studied, it varied from 127 cu (sample � 1) to 138 cu (sample � 2). 15 amino acids were identified in the experimental samples of wine, the mass concentration of which was: sample � 1 � 4952.68 and sample � 2 � 1672.78 mg / dm3. The amino acid proline, as an important protein building material for the cell, prevailed in all samples, its amount in 2018 wine is 3.1 times higher. Of the essential amino acids in the same wine sample, an increased content of methionine, lysine, histidine, isoleucine, and tryptophan was found. The wines under experiment had a fairly high tasting rating and a high biological value.

Annotation

Quality control and product safety directly depends on the competence of the testing laboratory. In connection with the improvement of the regulatory framework on quality and food safety increase in requirements for testing laboratories. The relevance of the article is connected with the introduction of a new version of the current international standard ISO / IEC 17025 �General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories�. The article analyzes the key changes of the document and the recommendations for their implementation in the activities of testing laboratories are given. The role of the requirements of science, legislation and the customer is defined. It is shown that the transition of testing Laboratories to the new standard version will allow to prove that they are acting professionally and capable to give the technically sound results. Elements of a risk-based approach are described, as well as the introducing requirements, based on production functionality. Suggested to develop the algorithm of risk management. Noted that new document regarding the requirements or processes, procedures, documented information and organizational responsibilities is more flexibility than that in the previous version. The area of the standard � laboratory activity is defined, the set of work for the laboratory is described, accent on a constant analysis of the professionalism of laboratory personnel is made. Aspects of competency confirmation for employees are described. The relevant issues of information technology are observed, the importance of using the specialized computer programs in the laboratory is defined that allow to carry out the complex statistical calculations and keeping of control charts. The responsibility for metrological traceability and its provision in the laboratory is specified. The rules of decision adoption for declarations about conformity are described. It is shown that new changes in laboratory activities will increase in the reliability of test results, and the effectiveness of quality control, and product safety and the high product competitiveness will provide.

Annotation

The influence of systemic application of top-dressing for Chardonnay and Merlot grapes with water solutions of special organomineral microfertilizers the biological productivity of plants, the chemical composition of berries and the quality indicators of wine materials is studied. In 2016-2017, special organomineral composition containing amino acids, ascophyllum nodosum algae extract and the trace elements (B, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo, Co) were used in the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Significant influence of agricultural ways the number of fruit-bearing shoots, inflorescences and growth activity of grapes was revealed. In comparison with the control variant (without preparations), the number of fruit-bearing shoots per bush increased by 7.4-19.2 % and inflorescences � by 3.7-12.5 %. In the summer period, against the background of the negative effect of abiotic factors, sufficient hydration of cells in grape plants with preparation`s treatments was achieved by increasing in the connected form of water. The photosynthetic activity of the leaves was maintained due to the formation of a more powerful palisade mesophyll. Fertilizing with organomineral microfertilizers helped to strengthen the reproductive function of plants (an increase in yield by 19-30 %, depending on the variety), and had a positive effect on the commercial quality of grapes. In the juice of grapes a sugar content is increased in comparison with the control variant by 17 % for Chardonnay and 14 % for the Merlot, and as a result, the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol in wine was significantly higher compared to control samples (1.3% vol.). Top dressing with organomineral microfertilizers contributed to a decrease in the mass concentration of titrated acids in the juice of grape berries by 13 %. A higher organoleptic value of wine materials from grapes grown on the background of organomineral top dressing was given. The samples had more complete varietal nuances and long good taste.

Annotation

The production of competitive geographical denomination wines, that can solve import substitution issues and improve the quality of wines, should become one of the promising direction for the development of Daghestan wine-making. In this regard, there is a need to produce the high-quality wines from grape varieties with high biological value The production of wines raising the prestige of the Republic, fixed under the term � wines of protected geographical names, must also be supported, as well as the use of local grape varieties as well as raw materials for their production, along with introduced ones. It is made a comparative study of experimental samples of wine materials, obtained from grapes of local technical the Gimra Novaya, Fioletta varieties, and introduced variety of Pervenets Magaracha, grown in the Southern plain zone of Daghestan. Physical and chemical parameters were determined by standard methods used in anoxemia. The study of phenolic substances and vitamins was carried out using capillary electrophoresis on the "Kapel 104T" device. It was found that the wine material from the Gimra Novaya grape variety significantly exceeds other experimental samples in the amount of phenolic substanced (3361 mg/dm3 ), content of ascorbic (100.13 mg/dm3 ), orotic (27.45 mg/dm3 ), caffeic (29.90 mg/dm3 ), gallic acids (38.80 mg/dm3 ) and the total amount of biologically active substances (226.89 mg/dm3 ). The results of research carried out have revealed that the local grape varieties of Gimra Novaya and Fioletta have some advantages in terms of the content of biologically active substances, compared to the introduced variety of Pervenets Magaracha and can be used for the preparation of high-quality extraordinary red and pink blended wines.

Annotation

Research aimed at improving the biotechnology of red table wines production, taking into account the characteristics of raw materials, used yeast races, region of origin, climate and fermentation conditions, is relevant. The object of research was wines from Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes of the 2019 harvest, grown on chestnut, calcareous soils of medium loamy texture of the terroir of the Mugarty village near the Mugartychay river (Kamyshchay river basin) in the Derbent region of the Daghestan Republic, and obtained at OJSC "Derbent Sparkling Wine Factory". The strains S. cerevisiae Y-4270 and S. cerevisiae D-19 were used for fermentation. The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile substances in the wines under study was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. It is shown that "Kara-Koisu" wine obtained using the Y-4270 strain, was more aromatic due to the greater accumulation of esters and acetate. The content of ethyl acetate (by 2.4 times), ethyl lactate (on 9.9 %), and ethyl laurate, which give roundness to fruit or floral aromas, is on 29.7 % higher in the test sample (with the exception of ethyl capronate). Aliphatic alcohols formed an important basis for the aroma of wine, the total amount of which was 433.84 mg / dm3 , which is on 39.7 % higher than that in the control. Isoamyl (62.3 %), isobutyl (42.5 %), 1-propanol (31.2%), methanol (32.5 %) prevailed in the tested wines. The aromatic alcohols are twice as high in phenylethanol, which adds floral nuances to the wine. New data indicated the role of the biochemically active S. cerevisiae strain VKPM Y-4270 in the creation of dry red wines.