Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

At the first Russian wine-making forum, which took place in the autumn of 2022 in Moscow, much attention was paid to the use of autochthonous grape varieties for the production of high-quality wines. Dagestan is one of the regions of wide cultivation of grapes. Due to the presence of a large genetic potential of native varieties in the republic, it is possible to significantly increase the production of grapes for fresh consumption and use them as raw materials for processing on wine products. The experimental samples of dessert wines from grapes of autochthonous technical varieties Gimra Novaya and Fioletta, grown in the conditions of the southern viticultural plain zone at the Dagestan breeding experimental station of viticulture and vegetable growing of the branch of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW, were studied. Physico-chemical parameters were determined by standard methods used in enochemistry. The study of phenolic substances and vitamins was carried out using capillary electrophoresis on the device �Kapel 104T�, RF, NPF LUMEX. A higher content (in mg/dm3 ) of phenolic substances (4022,0), anthocyanins (213,0), ascorbic (72,52), chlorogenic (2,16), orotic (3,52), caffeic (14,35) and gallic acids (11,9) were found in wine from Gimra Novaya grapes, compared with wine from the Fioletta variety (the grape must of both prototypes was infused on the pulp for 24 hours). The total content of biologically active substances in the studied wines was 49,04 (Fioletta, infusion of grape must for 24 hours); 111,04 (Gimra Novaya, infusion of grape must for 24 hours) and 122,39 mg/dm3 (Fioletta, infusion of grape must for 24 hours). The infusion of the grape must on the pulp for 48 hours in wine from Fioletta grapes caused an increase in the total amount of these compounds by 2,5 times compared to the infusion of 24 hours. Dessert wines from the varieties Gimra Novaya and Fioletta were characterized by a clean, fresh varietal aroma, a long berry aftertaste with nuances of wild thorn and smoky prunes. The obtained results can be used in biotechnology in the manufacture of high-quality wines from autochthonous grape varieties.

Annotation

The presence of organic acids and cations in the grapes and its processing products affects their taste and nutritional properties. Pools of these substances in the berry skin and seeds of the grape varieties of Gimra Novaya, Kaberne Sovin'on, Muskat Bely, Pervenets Magaracha and in the dry wine materials from the Gimra Novaya, Fioletta and Pervenets Magaracha varieties were studied. To determine the composition and content of organic acids (�-04-47-2007) and cations (M-01-32-2008), a capillary electrophoresis system was used � �Kapel-104T�, LLC NPF �LUMEX�. Tartaric, acetic and malic acids are identified in the elements of the berry structure. Their largest content (0.24 g/dm3 ) is revealed in the Muskat Bely grapes. In each of the wine materials the tartaric, citric, lactic, acetic, malic and succinic acids are found. The most significant amounts, respectively, of malic, succinic and acetic acids � 2.39; 1.72 and 0.85 g/dm3 were determined in the wine material from the Gimra Novaya grape variety, and the lactic acid � 0.27 g/dm3 from the Fioletta variety, wine and citric acids � 6.20 and 0.69 g/dm3 were determined in the wine material from the Gimra Novaya variety and Pervenets Magaracha, in which the total concentration of acids � 10.03 g/dm3 was the highest. In the skin of the berry, seeds and wine materials the cations of ammonium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium are identified. In terms of their total number, the Muscat white variety � 174.07 mg/dm3 and wine material from Gimra Novaya grape � 1933.57 mg/dm3 were the leaders. The terroir of the South of the Daghestan Caspian Sea plain is favorable for the formation of pools of organic acids and cations in the grapes, which contributes to the production of wine materials with high enological potential.

Annotation

The production of competitive geographical denomination wines, that can solve import substitution issues and improve the quality of wines, should become one of the promising direction for the development of Daghestan wine-making. In this regard, there is a need to produce the high-quality wines from grape varieties with high biological value The production of wines raising the prestige of the Republic, fixed under the term � wines of protected geographical names, must also be supported, as well as the use of local grape varieties as well as raw materials for their production, along with introduced ones. It is made a comparative study of experimental samples of wine materials, obtained from grapes of local technical the Gimra Novaya, Fioletta varieties, and introduced variety of Pervenets Magaracha, grown in the Southern plain zone of Daghestan. Physical and chemical parameters were determined by standard methods used in anoxemia. The study of phenolic substances and vitamins was carried out using capillary electrophoresis on the "Kapel 104T" device. It was found that the wine material from the Gimra Novaya grape variety significantly exceeds other experimental samples in the amount of phenolic substanced (3361 mg/dm3 ), content of ascorbic (100.13 mg/dm3 ), orotic (27.45 mg/dm3 ), caffeic (29.90 mg/dm3 ), gallic acids (38.80 mg/dm3 ) and the total amount of biologically active substances (226.89 mg/dm3 ). The results of research carried out have revealed that the local grape varieties of Gimra Novaya and Fioletta have some advantages in terms of the content of biologically active substances, compared to the introduced variety of Pervenets Magaracha and can be used for the preparation of high-quality extraordinary red and pink blended wines.

Annotation

Grape berries, which contain organic substances, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, aromatic substances, have valuable taste and nutritional properties. An important source of biologically active substances are the pulp, skin and seeds of grape berries containing a significant amount of essential components. The purpose of the work is to determine the biochemical parameters: biologically active, mineral and aroma-forming substances in the structural elements of Narma and Rkatsiteli grape varieties cultivated in Dagestan. A capillary electrophoresis system was used to determine vitamins, composition and number of cations. The research was carried out on the device �Kapel 104T�, RF, NPF LUMEX. The aroma-forming components in the experimental samples were identified using a gas chromatograph �Crystal 2000M� (RF). The mass concentration of antioxidants was measured on the device TSVET YAUZA 01-AA, (RF). The total amount of vitamins and vitamin-like substances in the autochthonous Narma variety was: in the pulp - 0.7123 mg/dm3 , in the skin � 3.4101 mg/dm3 and in the seeds � 3.7827 mg/dm3 . The total concentration of mineral elements in the skin of the studied grapes (Narma �33,2 mg/dm3 , Rkatsiteli � 20,8 mg/dm3 ) is higher than in the pulp and seeds. Significant total amounts of antioxidants were found in the seeds of the studied grapes: Narma � 6.71 mg/dm3 , Rkatsiteli � 8.51 mg/dm3. High concentrations of aroma-forming substances were determined in the skin and seeds of berries of the Narma variety � 376.26 and 253.71 mg/dm3 , and in the Rkatsiteli variety the content of these compounds was 82.34 and 91.00 mg/dm3 , respectively. The research results complement the biochemical characteristics of Narma and Rkatsiteli grape varieties, which can be successfully used as raw materials in the food industry to enrich food with biologically active, mineral and aroma-forming substances.