Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Taking into account that the fruits of the wild crops are eaten by wild animals and birds, and also used by man for food and technical needs, their studying under the conditions of technogenic landscapes is an actual task. Quality of fruits, their nutrition and medical value are caused by places of their growth. The purpose of research is a study of biological features of growth and development of wild fruits crops under the agroclimatic conditions of a technogenic landscape of Kabardino-Balkaria. It is established that for each zone the structure of wild-growing fruit plants is characterized, and with increase of altitude above sea the level of their productivity considerably decreases. The best indicators of growth at the majority of wild-growing fruit plants are noted in a foothill zone, at the altitude of 500-550 meters above sea level. As a result of inspection and definition of processes of natural overgrowing 14 types of the wild-growing fruit crops cultivated on the technogenic lands of KBR are revealed. The best indicators are noted at a sea-buckthorn, a dogrose and a sloe. These species of plants well tolerate to a lack of moisture, they are frost-resistant and not exacting to soil fertility. They have the highest total score of suitability for biological recultivation of technogenic landscapes. It is shown that in the process of root development of the quality of soil has a big importance. On the light soil the ability of plants to form the roots is better, than on the heavy soil. Wild-growing fruit plants prefer the slopes of northern and east expositions. In comparison with the western and southern expositions these distinctions reach 293,5 %. It is concluded that at the process of creation of protective plantings on the technogenic lands it is necessary to approach individually not only to species of plants, but also to each concrete plots of a technogenic landscape.