Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Methods of the breeding acceleration are aimed to obtaining the greatest number of seedlings and rapid entry into fruitage. Due to contamination by phylloxera the cultivation of own-rooted hybrid nursery grapes is difficult, a large percentage of seedlings is ruined and did not come into fruitage. This work is aimed at increasing in efficiency of the breeding process due to receiving of more hybrid seeds and conservation of genofund. This is achieved by more effective pollination of inflorescences and more hybrid seeds while reducing the volume of castration, increase in germination of seeds and vitality of seedlings, transfer of hybrid nursery in inoculated culture in the early stages of development of seedlings, with following selection and study of elite seedlings already in the nursery grafted hybrid that eliminates the premature death of the hybrid seedlings from phylloxera. To increase in the yield of hybrid seeds it is recommended the treatment of maternal inflorescences forms by physiological active substances as Krezatsin and Sweet 3-5 days before flowering. At the stage of sowing seeds � soak hybrid seeds in the solution of growth regulators for 1 hour: Krezatsin, Mival, Zircon and Emistim. At the stage of seedlings growing in the first year it is recommended three treatments of seedlings with a solution of growth regulators: Nikfan, Bigus, Larixin and Zircon. The application of growth regulators allows us to transfer the seedlings by the method of green grafting on rootstock bushes in the first or second year of life, that saves them from premature ruin from phylloxera and accelerates the timing of the fruiting stage of 2 times. As a result, the efficiency of the breeding process increases due to earlier time of seedlings selection to the elite and reducing of seedlings loss from phylloxera of 2-10 times.

Annotation

Now it is necessary to increase significantly the volumes of production of high-quality production of grapes in the Russian Federation, and for this purpose it is necessary to expand the areas under vineyards. The necessary potential for this purpose the country has - it is possible 100 thousand hectares of grapes plantings to increase to 300-400 thousand hectares. Within the program of development of agriculture existing till 2020th year expansion of the areas of vineyards to 140 thousand hectares is provided. The solution of this task requires the deeper study of new Don technical grapes varieties for this introduction in the production. In this regard the identification of promising white grapes varieties breeding of the All-Russian Research Institute of Vine growing and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko and scientific ground of their practical application has became a purpose of our research. Agric-biological and technical characteristics on the promising grapes varieties which are of special value for production use on Don are given in this article. During the carried out research it is established that at high productivity the studied of grapes varieties have the high quality of a harvest and they are more steadier against fungal diseases, and it speaks about the high profitability of their cultivation and about prospect of these varieties for production at the present stage of economic development. The results of supervision allow you to recommend the new white technical grapes varieties of Institute breeding for wide production testing in the Don Region. It will give you the chance to increase in assortment of white technical grapes varieties, including muscat varieties, for production of high-quality white table wines.