Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

This article presents the results of varietal study for a five-year period (2018-2022) of a new table grape variety of interspecific cross Yangar bred by All-Russian Research Institute named after Ya. I. Potapenko for Viticulture and Winemaking � Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution �FRARC�. The studies were carried out on the vineyards of the Experimental Field of the ARRIV&W named after YA.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region) according to generally accepted methods in viticulture, GOSTs and cultivation technology. Vineyards are non-covering, non-irrigated, grafted, rootstock Oppenheim 4 (SO 4). The vineyard planting scheme is 3.0 x 1.5 m, bush shape is palmet pruning on the middle stem, medium pruning. Based on the results of the study, data on agrobiological indicators, phenological bservations, productivity, chemical and technological characteristics of grape are provided, and an uvological assessment of fresh grapes is given. An ampelographic description of the grapevines is given, the main istinguishing morphological features are provided. Yangar belongs to varieties of early-medium ripening (the period from budbreak to ripeness of berries is 127 days), it ripens in the conditions of Novocherkassk at the end of August. The variety has very large bunches and berries (average weight 526 and 13.6 g, respectively), a high yield of commercial grapes, and a vineyard yield capacity of 14 t/ha. Yangar over the years of research has established itself as relatively resistant to major fungal diseases and downy mildew (at the level of 2.5-3.0 points on a five-point scale), with high winter hardiness and potential fruitfulness (84.6 % of breaking buds, of which 82.2 % of fruiting shoots). The new variety has relatively high sugar content in grape berries of 17.2 g/100 cm3 , low titratable acidity of 4.9 g/dm3 , and gluco-acidometric index of 3.5. The fault of this variety includes shedding of berries when the bushes are overloaded with a yield.

Annotation

Recently, after the adoption of the Federal Law �On Viticulture and Winemaking in the Russian Federation� dated December 27, 2019 No. 468-FZ, interest in the production of wine products from own grapes has increased significantly. In this regard, the cultivation of grape varieties promising for high-quality winemaking, including autochthonous ones, is of great importance. In this regard, the study and evaluation of introduced grape varieties in different growing zones will make it possible to revise the assortment and introduce a �fresh� stream into the breeding programs. The purpose of the research is to assess the prospects of cultivation in ��� �Sober Bash� (foothill zone of the Krasnodar region) of the Italian autochthonous grape variety of late ripening Corvina (Vitis vinifera L.) on the basis of a variety study and analysis of agrobiological, uvological, economically valuable traits and physicochemical indicators. The variety study was carried out in 2019-2021 on commercial vineyards with an area of 0.75 ha, the number of bushes in the variety trial was 15. Vineyards are not irrigated, uncovered, grafted, rootstock is Richter 110, planting scheme is 2.5 x 0.8 m, formation of bush is unilateral Guyot. The Corvina variety, due to the combination of positive parameters (high yield capacity, crop quality, quality of wine), is of interest for cultivation in a non-covering culture with a full range of protection against diseases, as well as for use in breeding programs as a source of quality indicators. The variety has bunches weighing 292 g, berries weighing 1.4 g, the juice is not colored, it accumulates sugar well (up to 27 g/dm3 ), a good balance of acidity (6.1-7 g/l). The tasting score of monovarietal wine is 8.6 points. The disadvantages of the variety include instability to diseases and pests of grapes.

Annotation

Now in the assortment of the Russian Federation there is a small quantity of steady grapes varieties of super early period of maturing that doesn't allow you to prolong the term of consumption of fresh grapes. Under the conditions of import substitution the introduction of such varieties to industrial cultivation is very urgent task. The results of variety study of Harold new table grapes of All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko are presented in the article. The results of variety testing in the uncovered culture are used. When studying we used the standard techniques in vine growing. The Harold variety is selected in the elite in 2004 and it is planned to transfer to the State variety testing in 2016. As a result of carried out variety study is established that Harold grapes concedes a little a control Vostorg variety, because it has lower frost and winter hardiness. The fructification coefficient of Harold grapes is higher, than control, this variety had the mass of cluster and berry close to a control variety and quite high productivity. The consumer maturity of berries of Harold grapes comes earlier Vostorg variety minimum for 10 days that allow you to begin the realization of fresh grapes earlier. At similar amount of sugars in berries juice the studied grapes variety has a titrable acidity in 1,5 times lower, than control variety. The new table Harold grapes of super early maturing possessing the high economic and valuable rates can be recommended for farmer and industrial cultivation using uncovered culture in the Southern vine growing regions of the Russian Federation.

Annotation

The purpose of this research, to characterize the red technical grape variety of complex interspecific cross Maréchal Foch, French selection in the process of variety research and evaluation of agrobiological, uvological, economically valuable traits and properties. Variety`s studies were carried out in 2017-2019 at the experimental vineyard of the experimental field of All-Russian Research Institute named after Ya.I. Potapenko for Viticulture and Winemaking. The results of the wine assessment are given for two years of research � 2018 and 2019. Vineyards are non-irrigated, non-covering, grafted, Kober 5BB rootstock, 3 x 0.5 m planting scheme, two-shouldered cordon forming. The Maréchal Foch grape variety, in terms of the combination of positive parameters (disease resistance, high winter hardiness, frost resistance, high sugar accumulation ability, quality of wine-material) is of great interest for industrial viticulture in a non-covering grafted culture with a minimal amount treatments for diseases. This variety can also recommend for use in further breeding as a origin of the required qualities. According to preliminary studies, the wines from this grape variety should not be kept for a long time, since they reach the optimal quality in the first year of life. One of the positive wine aspects is the rapid (during the year) formation of full bodied aromatic properties and taste characteristics (ripening and lightening). It reduces to a minimum the amount of gluing materials, and in most cases it is enough to limit oneself only to filtration, which allows us to achieve wine readiness for implementation in shorter periods. It is likely that the wines from Maréchal Foch grapes will be relevant and in demand as the red natural local standard wine of �every day�.

Annotation

Currently in all countries with commercial viticulture, special attention is given to grape varieties with group resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, due to the fact that the problems of ecology and environmental pollution with pesticides are acute. In this regard, the study and assessment of introduced grape varieties in different growing zones can facilitate the task of re-assortment and bring success to breeding programs. The purpose of the research is assessment of the prospects of cultivation in a non-covering culture with minimal protection against diseases of the Canadian table grape variety Vineland 68042, Vitis interspecific crossing on the basis of variety study and assessment of agrobiological, uvological, economically valuable traits. The variety study was carried out in 2010-2020 at the vineyard of the Experimental Field All-Russian Research Institute named after Ya. I. Potapenko for Viticulture and Winemaking � Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution �FRARC�, Novocherkassk, Rostov region. Vineyards not irrigated, not covered, grafted, rootstock Kober 5BB, 3 x 1.5 m planting scheme, horizontal bilateral cordon training system. Grape variety Vineland 68042 on totality of positive parameters (high winter hardiness, cold hardy resistance, powdery mildew resistance, yield, crop quality) can be of interest for cultivation in a non-covering crop with minimal chemical protection against diseases, as well as for use in breeding programs as a source of group resistance to diseases and frost. The variety has large clusters and berries, well sugar content in grape berries, and has a nice appearance. Degustation assessment of fresh grapes is 8.1 points. Vineland 68042 over the years of research has established itself as highly resistant to powdery mildew, grey mold Botrytis cinerea, medium resistant to mildew, resistant to the leaf form of phylloxera. The drawbacks of this grape variety include the tendency to overload the bushes with the yield.