Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of the survey area adjacent to the Veselovsky reservoir. This is an interesting and very complex area, which the previously vineyard science has not paid of proper attention because it is outside the places of traditional viticulture. The territory is viewed with the route passages, studied and analyzed its space photographes. We studied in detail the key plot, research in which was performed in accordance with existing recommendations for assessing the suitability of soils for vineyards. We analyzed the climate, history of the region formation, geomorphology and we assessed the quality of the water in the Veselovsky reservoir and Sadkovskiy canal as a possible source of irrigation. On the various elements of the microrelief the wells are drilled, the soil profiles are laid down and described, the chemical analyzes of soil samples are carried out. Particular attention is paid to salinization and alkalinization of soils as the factors which are associated with major risks when we are assessing the suitability of soils for vineyards. Construction of the reservoir changed the reclamation situation. The most saline areas were flooded. In today's shores the groundwater level has risen, the processes of prairiefication, alinization and alkalinity soils are started. At present, the territory above the average water level in the reservoir which less than 4.0 meters are not suitable for laying of vineyards. The areas are suitable for vineyards located higher. The water quality in the bay Balka Bolshaya Sadkovka for vineyard irrigation purposes is estimated as satisfactory. The mineralization of water in the Sadkovskiy canal is two times lower than that of water in the bay. The use of this water for irrigation of vineyards is preferable.

Annotation

The purpose of this research is to study the edaphic conditions of one of the viticultural zones of the Rostov Region � "Donetsk-Kundryuchenskiy sandy massiv" and substantiate the allocation of terroirs on it. Research on the differentiation of viticultural zones, the allocation of terroirs and the study of their environmental conditions create the basis for the entry of our country into the already existing developed European system for the formation of wine names by place of origin and the reflection of their quality in the name of wines. The research was carried out using the key plot method. As a key plot selected vineyards Nizhnekundryuchenskiy Department of All-Russia Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya. I. Potapenko. Sandy lands have a significant variety and a plenty of original properties, both positive and negative. The grape plant, due to its high plasticity, grows well on sandy lands, and in an own-root culture. Experience of viticulture on the sands shows that it is successful only when taking into account the characteristics of sandy land. The article presents the results of a study of the geological, hydrogeological and soil conditions of the first terrace of the Seversky Donets, where the vineyards are located. About one and a half hundred elementary soil areas were examined. All their diversity was reduced to five types of soil conditions. The main criterion f or grouping was the reaction of grape plants. Strong differences in conditions on different plots are the basis for assigning them to different terroirs. In viticulture, the concept of terroirs closely resonates the concept of precision farming. The differences in growing conditions require adjustment of elements of grape growing technology at all stages of the production process. Four selected terroirs on the autochthonous variety Sibirkovy have experience in studying the influence of growing conditions on the quality of wine. The article also shows the methodological approaches and experience in zoning of viticultural lands abroad and in other regions of Russia.