Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Optimization of plant nutrition at the current stage is due to the expansion of the assortment of fertilizers, justification of the timing and dosage of their application. The activation of growth processes through a differentiated approach to the use of fertilizers is one of the effective methods that affect the yield of grafted grapes. The aim of the carried out study is to determine the effectiveness of foliar fertilizing with Microel, Raicat Start, Terraflex start, to determine the effect of foliar fertilizing on biometric indices of plant development and the yield of grafted grape seedlings. When setting up the experiment, a variant of foliar fertilizing of plants with Carbamide fertilizer (standard) was used. The control variant is cultivation without additional mineral nutrition. The objects of research were the grapes varieties of inter-species origin. The observations and study were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The efficiency of leaf dressings of grafted grapes in a nursery was studied. The main criteria determining the effectiveness of agricultural practices were biometric indicators of plant development and the yield of grafted standard seedlings. As a result of the research, it was established that the foliar fertilization of grafted plants at an early stage of development with the Microel fertilizer activates the growth processes and promotes the development of the leaf surface. Non-rooting fertilization of Terraflex start increase in the yield of grafted seedlings in the nursery. It is noted that the introduction of fertilizers is a rational and cost-effective method, since with this method the grape plant more fully use the macro- and microelements contained in the fertilizers. A comparative analysis of the data obtained by us allows us to conclude that it is necessary to use a complex of microelements in addition to macronutrients in the technological cycle for the production of grafted seedlings of grapes

Annotation

The article presents the data on ampelographic screening of vegetating seedlings of Don autochthonous grape varieties. To describe morphological features we used Method of testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability of grapevine (Vitis L.) and the OIV descriptor � a descriptive guidance for encoding of ampelographic features and properties of any phenotypic individuals of grapevines. It allowed us to systematize the studied features, unify and bring them into compliance with international requirements. The article provides information about the most common grape varieties in the northern viticulture zone of the technical direction of use � Denisovsky, Kaberne severnyi, Saperavi severnyi. These varieties are included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use. The description of morphological features was performed when the length of the grafted grape seedling shoot was 50-70 sm. In accordance with the method, the following definitions were used: the top of a young shoot, a shoot, a young leaf, and mature leaf. Morphobiological study of the features of grafted vegetative grape seedlings was carried out in the conditions of Novocherkassk. An ampelographic description is given. It is noted that the morphological characteristics of vegetating seedlings differ significantly from the morphological characteristics of adult fruit-bearing bushes, some features differ in modification variability and depend on the growing conditions. The information obtained as a result of the research can be used for testing vine nurseries and creating pure-grade plantings.

Annotation

The scion-rootsock's combination has to have the good compatibility and high regeneration ability and technological efficiency that as a result provides the economic efficiency of plantings. The research on establishment of the reasons of insufficient compatibility of the imparted components has been carried out earlier, have revealed the anomalies in the development of grafting plants. The grafting affinity is the main requirement in the production process of landing grapes material, especially of new deficit varieties of the high biological categories used during creation of nursery scion plants. The research were carried out in the laboratory of a grapes nursery of Institute. The purpose of research is to reveal experimentally the perspective scion-rootsock's combinations with participation of varieties of the rootstocks, included into the State Register of the breeding achievements allowed to use, and also the scion grapes varieties of a trans-species origin of All-Russian SRIV&W of Ya. I. Potapenko breeding. The assessment of influence of a rootstock on extent of accretion of the imparted components is also a task of our research. The study used the rootstock's varieties - Riparia x Rupestris 101-14, Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB, Berlandieri x Riparia SO, Vierul-3 (Corona Negra x Riparia Gloire), Present ( Furcal x (Amur x (Riparia x Cinerea)) and scion variety - Denisovskiy, Stanichny, Fioletivy Ranniy, Baklanovskiy. As a result of the carried out research it is established that next indicators as the exit of the grafted shanks after stratification, the biometric indicators of saplings in a nursery, the condition of root system, the exit of saplings are the indirect traits of compatibility of the grafted components. The most perspective scion-rootsock's combinations for the varieties which are in observation are selected, there are Denisovskiy × PP 101-14, Stanichny, Baklanovskiy, Phyoletovy Ranniy × Viyerul-3. The more powerful root system develops when using a rootstock of PP 101-14.

Annotation

The data on ampelographic Screening of vegetating seedlings of Don autochthonous grape varieties are presented. To describe morphological features we used the method of testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability of grapevine (Vitis L.) and the OIV descriptor � a descriptive guidance for encoding of ampelographic features and properties of any phenotypic individuals of grapevines. It allowed us to systematize the studied features, unify and bring them into compliance with international requirements. This article presents an information about the most wide spreading Don autochthonous grape wine varieties � Varyushkin, Krasnostop Zolotovsky, Plechistik, Tsimlyansky Cherniy, belonging to the East Caucasian subgroup of varieties of the Black sea basin and table variety of Puhlyakovsky Beliy � a natural hybrid of native Don variety and an Eastern one. These grape varieties are included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use. The description of morphological features was carried out when the length of the grafted grape sapling shoot was 50-70 sm. In accordance with the method, the following definitions were used: the top of a young shoot, a shoot, a young leaf, and mature leaf. Morphologicalbiological study of the features of grafted vegetating grape saplings in the historical conditions of growth of this varieties group (Novocherkassk) was presented. An ampelographic description is given. It is noted that the morphological characteristics of vegetating saplings differ significantly from the morphological characteristics of adult fruit-bearing bushes, some features differ in modification variability and depend on the growing conditions. The information obtained as a result of the research can be used for testing the vine nurseries and creating pure-variety plantings.