Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of a study of growth vigor and yield capacity of sweet cherry varieties and hybrids of Belarusian breeding on clonal rootstocks of VSL-2 and Izmailovskiy. The studying of biometric features of trees growth, allows you to select the varieties with restrained growth for the compact orchards and to create an optimal system of cultivation of specific varieties. As a result of study it is found that the clonal rootstocks of VSL-2 and Izmailovskiy influence on reducing of growth vigor of grafted varieties and hybrids of sweet cherry taking into account the index of cross sectional area of the trunk. It was revealed that a cherry hybrid 4/10 on the VSL-2 has a smallest growth vigor � 115 cm2 of the trunk section area. The Syubarovskaya on the wild cherry has the yield capacity by 39,2 t/ha and the trees of this variety on the VSL-2 have a yield capacity by 20,2 t/ha. The highest index of crown productivity is noted for the Syubarovskaya on the Izmailovskiy rootstock and for a hybrid 4/10 on the VSL-2 � 0,23 and 0,24 kg/cm2 respectively. The effect of VSL-2 and Izmailovskiy clonal rootstocks on the formation of small compact crown of grafted sweet cherry trees is found. The trees of Naslazhdeniye on the VSL-2 have the smallest area of crown projection � 4 m2 and the crown volume � 6,7 m3, as well as the largest index of crown volume productivity � 2,9 kg/m3. It was found that the sweet cherry varieties of Medunitsa, Naslazhdeniye and a hybrid of 15/112 grafted on the wild cherries seedlings have genetically determined weak growth of the trees. The Medunitsa sweet cherry realizes most fully a genetic potential of the compact and small crown, and also this variety has the high productivity index of volume crown function of grafted trees.

Annotation

In 2011-2021 as a result of the assessment of the gene pool of fruit, small fruit crops, nut-fruited crops and grapes were identified 286 sources of economically valuable traits (resistance to the main fun-gal diseases of fruit, small fruit crops and nut crops, high decorativeness of fruit crops and grapes, self-fertility of cherries and sweet cherries, weak growth of rootstocks, suitability for mechanized harvesting, as well as winter hardiness, large-fruits, productivity of small fruit crops, remontant of strawberries, weak shedding of fruits and dessert taste of honeysuckle, high regenerative capacity after pruning sea buckthorn), including 155 fruit crops (apple trees � 81 pcs., pears � 11, domestic plums � 15, cherry plums � 13, apricots � 6, cherries � 17, sweet cherries � 7, sweet cherry rootstocks � 5 pcs. .) and 122 samples of small fruit crops (strawberry � 19 pcs., black currant � 19; red currant � 4; gooseberry � 35; raspberry � 19; blue honeysuckle � 11; sea buckthorn � 15 pcs.), as well as 7 pcs. of walnut and 2 of grapes. Selected samples of fruit, small fruit crops, nut-fruited crops and grapes are described according to the classifier with a variant of the unified passport descriptors of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the European Cooperative Program for Plant Genetic Resources (FAO / ECPGR) for maintaining a passport database and placing information in the international European catalogue of gene pool samples EURISCO. The obtained passports can be used for further research work, as well as identification of samples in subjects of various forms of ownership, scientific and educational institutions.