Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Plum pox virus in stone fruit crop plantings is one of the factors increasing the cost of cultivation of these crops. Infestation of stone fruit crops can reach 41-50 % in the Russian Federation regions of the middle zone, which is a serious threat to the production process. Infection with this virus often causes drop of leaves, ovaries and fruits in susceptible varieties. Methods to combat this virus are expensive and difficult to implement in the technological process. The most effective approach is plantation monitoring and elimination of infected plants. Since PPV contains RNA in its structure, the assay must obtain a quality preparation of total RNA. To obtain information on the quality of the isolated RNA, internal positive controls of RT-PCR are often used. In this work, the method for identification of the plum pox virus using a duplex with an internal amplification control was perfected. The ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit gene was used as a control because of its stable expression and high mRNA copy number. The material for this study was leaves of Kabardinskaya ranniaya plum (Prunus domestica L.), collected in early and late May in Krasnodar (Krasnodar region). The analysis was performed using molecular biological methods of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Detection of amplification products was performed in 2% agarose gel. Plum pox virus was diagnosed in all examined samples of symptomatic material. Multiplex PCR with the primer pairs under study required the use of gradient annealing of the primers with a temperature change of 3.18 �C/sec. When using a cDNA matrix less than 50 ng/�l, a decrease in PCR quality is possible. A method for the diagnosis of plum pox virus using an internal amplification control was perfected and modified.

Annotation

Viruses are the dangerous pathogens of garden crops and they widely extend with the infected planting material. The fight against viruses in the field conditions is impossible therefore the transfer of plant nursery to a virus-free basis and a strict following to require-ments of planting material's certification. The purpose of our research is a studying of viruses spreading on fruit and berry crops in the conditions of the Central Re-gion of Russia. Research was conducted in 2013-2016 in the orchards of the Moscow, Bryansk, Belgorod and Ryazan regions. Data of carried out research show that the viruses contamination of studied pome crops was varied within 43-71%, the stone fruit crops � 40-59%, berry crops � 16-67%. The apple varieties and rootstocks in general were less infected by latent viruses in comparison with pear vatieties and rootstocks. There are ASPV and ACLSV viruses on the apple and pear varieties; there are ACLSV virus on the apple clonal rootstocks; the ASGV and ApMV viruses are on the pear rootstocks. The ilarviruses of PNRSV and PDV had the greatest distribution on the stone fruit crops. High-er frequency of occurrence is noted on raspberry for the RBDV and RpRSV viruses; on a blackcurrant and a gooseberry �for the RpRSV virus; on a strawberry � for the TBRV virus. The plants, free from the main harmful viruses, are revealed: of apple-tree � 13 varieties, pear � 8, cherry � 9, plum � 4, sweet cherry � 4, clonal rootstocks, stocks of an apple-tree � 3, clonal rootstocks of the stone fruit crops � 11, raspberry � 22, a strawberry � 9, a gooseberry � 15, currants black and red � for 5 varieties.