Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The main feature and principal essence of the current stage of agricultural production is the need to increase its efficiency in the face of the need to reduce the consumption of energy resources, while not reducing, but increasing in the productivity of cultivated crops. Today, one way to increase in the quantity and quality of grapes yield and produced wine from it is to apply foliar fertilizers and surfactants in the tank mixtures of pesticides that increase in their efficiency. This article outlines the results of a study conducted in 2015-2016 on the biological regulation as to the application of a liquid complex fertilizer �Nutri-Fait PK� and surfactant �Spartan� in the orchards of winemaking and table grapes varieties in the South Coast and South-Western viticultural regions of the Crimea. The preparations of interest were added to tank mixture of pesticides during the chemical treatment of grapevines in the following phases of grapes plants development: "before bloom"; "after bloom" and "closure of berries into clusters." The results obtained in the course of carried out research evidenced the positive impact of �Nutri-Fait PK� and �Spartan� preparations on the yield and quality of winemaking grapes variety of Cabernet Sauvignon and Kesha table variety. It was found that the three-stage spraying of the vineyards with the preparations under investigation significantly increases in the biomass buildup of the above-ground grapes bush parts (up to 22% as compared to standard). The grapes yield capacity increases the yields up to 9-12 %, as well increases in accumulation of sugar in the juice of the berries by 0,5-0,6 g/100 sm3, thus speeding up the ripening of the grapes in the conditions of the South Coast and South-Western Crimea.

Annotation

We carried out a two-year research in the affected by phytoplasma disease (Bois noir) Chardonnay vineyards in the South-West zone of Crimea. In 2014, when 26.8 % of the vine bushes have been demonstrated the symptoms of phytoplasma disease, and the damage degree constituted on average 2.5 affected shoots per bush, we found a significant reduction in the average number of bunches on the affected bushes, specifically by 34.5 %; the average bunch weight was reduced by 23.5 %; the estimated vine yield went down by 50.4 %. In 2015, when 62.7 % of vines showed the symptoms of the disease, and the damage degree constituted on average 3.7 affected shoots per bush, the reduction in the average bunch weight reached 61.7 %, that of the vine yield � 66.7 %. Monitoring of Auchenorrhyncha revealed four native species that can act as phytoplasma vectors spreading the disease from the infected to healthy plants: Hyalesthes obsoletus, Hyalesthes luteipes, Reptalus panzer, Fieberiella florii. The number of the pests was 1-5 samples in a trap during June-September period. When studying the possibility of reducing the negative impact of Bois noir on grape-vines in case of using plant growth bioactivators K-Humate-Na + Gumasporin and Sana-Tam, as well as bactericide Fitoplazmin (water-soluble concentrate) we weren�t able to obtain reliable data on curbing the spread of phytoplasmos with the abovementioned drugs under test rates and frequency of treatments. Removing the affected vine shoots resulted in 14.8 % reduction of the number of affected by Bois noir plants and reduction in the damage degree by 1.2 times. Combining agricultural practices with experimental preparations had, to varying degrees, a positive impact on certain quantitative yield indicators; the influence on sugar content in the juice of the berries has not been established. The obtained results are preliminary; the research will be continued.