Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The most effective way to create a great apple hybrid triploid fund is the crossing of different chromosome forms of diploid x tetraploid and tetraploid x diploid. A limited set of tetraploid forms is a limiting factor for this direction of breeding. Therefore, the identification and study of new tetraploid apple forms is an important task, and a systematic cytoembryological control is essential to the success of effective breeding work. The aim of our study was cytoembryological analysis of embryological structures in the formation of the female gametophyte in some tetraploid apple forms for their use in breeding at the polyploidy level. The object for study of the female generative sphere was three tetraploid apple forms: Melba (4x), form 30-47-88 and form 25-37-47. The study is carried out in the cytoembriological laboratory of the FSBSI "All Russian Research In-stitute of Fruit Crop Breeding". Features of formation of ovules and embryonic bads of apple plants were studied on permanent preparations, prepared in accordance with generally accepted methods of cytological analysis. This article presents the cytoembryological characteristic of female gametophyte formation of the studied tetraploid ap-ple forms included as initial forms in breeding of this crop at the polyploid level. It is shown by the results of the analysis that tetraploid forms of 25-37-47, 30-47-88, Melba (4x) can be recommended to use in breeding of apple on a polyploidy level as the original parent forms. However, the high self-pollination of 30-47-88 forms is determined in the special experiences, and when you include it in intervalence crossing as a mother it is necessary to make a castration of the flowers to increase in the yield of apple triploid hybrid posterity.