Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The technological properties of plum and cherry plum fruits on the suitability for making fruit-salad have been studied. The study included 25 samples of plum and 13 samples of cherry plum, which are characterized by high taste qualities and different maturation periods. Tasting evaluation of fruit-salad of plum and cherry plum is carried out on a 5-point scale. The variety differences on the appearance col-or, consistency and taste of fruits in the fruit-salad, as well as on color, transparency and taste of the syrup are established. The varieties of plum and cherry plum are suitable for the production of excellent quality fruit-salad are selected. The overall evaluation of fruit-salad from cherry plum was from 4.0 to 5.0 points. The varieties of medium and late maturation were evaluated in 4.5 or more points (Klyukovka, Olenka, Cometa, Prevoskhodnaya Shuntukskaya). The other studied varieties had an estimate of 4.0 to 4.5 points. The total evaluation of fruit-salad from the plum's fruit was from 4.1 to 5.0 points. The varieties of early, middle and late maturation were 4.7 or more. The minimal overall score was 4.1-4.2 points for the Vengerka Sladkaya plum and Ekaterina (yellow). According to the results of the research, 10 varieties of domestic plum and 4 varieties of cherry plum are selected from the number of studied, the fruits of which are suitable for the production of fruit-salad with excellent taste. Different terms of fruits ripening of plum and cherry plum give the chance to increase in term of their preservation. A good taste of fruits and products of their processing allow us to recommend these varieties for use in breeding programs.

Annotation

A study of winter hardiness of plum domestic varieties, differing in high taste qualities, was carried out. The plum winter hardiness is determined by of damage to plant organs on a 5-point scale. Varietal differences in the degree of resistance of skeleton`s branches and the stem to low temperatures in winter, as well as fruit buds to spring return frosts, were established. The condition of plum domestic trees was assessed for 4 years of research. The most resistant plum varieties to winter freezing of the stem and skeleton`s branches were identified: Calben 208, Vas�ova, Arvita, Vengerka Vkusnaya, Vengerka Italianskaya, Lakomka, Montfort, Nectar, Pamyat Vavilov, Persikovaya Michurin, Renklod Fioletovy, Chernosliv Adygeyskiy, Shamsi. Plum varieties with a maximum assessment of the tree`s state after a winter with an extremely low temperature were revealed: Vas�ova, Vengerka Vkusnaya, Pamyat Vavilov, Renklod Altana, Renklod Fioletovy, Shamsi. The improvement of the trees condition of most plum domestic varieties over the observation period has been established. Based on data on the maximum ruin of flower buds from return frosts from 2008 to 2010, stability groups of the studied plum varieties were established. Plum varieties with maximum resistance of fruit buds to return frosts were identified: Anastasia, Vengerka Italianskaya, Ekaterina, Ispolinskaya, Columbia, Lakomka, Pamyat Vavilov, Chernosliv Adygeyskiy, Shamsi. There was no dependence of freezing of the plum flower buds on the timing of the beginning of flowering. Varieties, with the beginning of flowering from April 11 (Velikiy Gertsog) to April 25 (Vengerka Rannia) and others, have had the freezing buds. The buds that were not damaged by frost were in varieties whose flowering began from April 16 (Lakomka) to April 25 (Vengerka Italianskaya). The results of studies of some varieties under the conditions of Adygea are compared with the results of other researchers of the Krasnodar Territory.