Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Global climate change, accompanied by an increase in the harmfulness of the causative agent of coccomycosis (Blumeriella jaapii) and the expansion of its area, provides an advantage when cultivating highly productive, ecologically plasticity varieties under the soil and climatic conditions of the Ural Region. Under these conditions the improving the ecological sustainability of horticulture in the Chelyabinsk Region requires the use of adaptive varieties of fruit and berry crops. However, not all varieties of stone fruit crops are characterized by a complex of economically valuable traits and have ecological plasticity. The purpose of this research is to assess the adaptive potential of zoned and promising varieties of steppe cherry in the conditions of the Chelyabinsk Region. To assess the adaptive potential of different cherry varieties, we used the classical methods to determine the ecological plasticity of fruit crop varieties presented by I. A. Dragavtseva and V.A. Zykin. As a result of the research carried out the adaptive varieties of steppe cherry, adapted for cultivation in the conditions of the Southern Ural, were identified: Izobilnaya (4.39 t/ha; CA = 1.54), Schedraya (4.42 t/ha; 1.37), Galimovka (3.83 t/ha; 1.36), Mayak (4.04; 1.30), Ashinskaya (3.42; 1.28) and Mechta Zauralia (3.29 t/ha; 1.07). Of greatest interest are the varieties of the intensive type, selected by the breeders of the Sverdlovsk selection station of gardening: Mayak (bi = 1.47) Mechta Zauralia (1.85) and Schedraya (1.99). The Chelyabinsk variety of Galimovka (bi = 0.77; Si 2 = 0.5) and the Sverdlovsk variety of Vita (1.10; 2.2), combining ecological plasticity and stability, have a high breeding value. The standard cherry variety of Ashinskaya belongs to the neutral type varieties (bi = 0.32; Si 2 = 0.1). The weak reaction of this variety to changing growing conditions allowed it to form a high yield of fruits (3.42 t/ha).

Annotation

To improve the environmental sustainability of horticulture in the Southern Urals, it is necessary to cultivate the adaptive varieties of fruit and berry crops. When assessing the adaptive potential of apricot varieties, linear regression (bi) was calculated, which characterizes ecological plasticity, the standard deviation from the regression line (Si2), which determines the stability of the variety in the environment, and the coefficient of variety adaptability. The analysis of the obtained results allowed us to identify adaptive varieties of Manchurian apricot in the Southern Urals � Snezhinskiy, Kichiginskiy, Prizor, Uralets, Pikantnyj and Medovyj. The plastic varieties whose productivity varies in accordance with the changing environmental conditions include the apricot varieties: Pikantnyy (67.3 c/ha; bi 1.27; Si2 8.5), Uralets (66.3 c/ha; 1.28; 35.9), Chelyabinskiy ranniy (59.2 c/ha; 1.14; 19.2) and Barkhatnyy (46.6 c/ha; 0.85; 23.8). The varieties of the intensive type, characterized by high responsiveness to the improvement of growing conditions (bi is significantly more than 1), include the varieties Snezhinskiy (77.5 c/ha; 1.69; 177.8) and Kichiginskiy (77.5 c/ha; 1.34; 327.3). The Zolotaya Kostochka (38.2 c/ha; 0.73; 32.9); it reacts poorly to changes in environmental conditions. The introduced varieties of apricot Khabarovskiy and Michurinskiy N 22 in the conditions of the Southern Urals proved to be unstable (Si2 = 446.4 and 77.4) and low plastic varieties (bi = 0.58 and 0.33), and as a result formed a low yield (35.0 and 16.2 c/ha, respectively). For cultivation in the Southern Urals should use the adaptive apricot varieties of local selection.