Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Powdery mildew, white and brown spots, as well as recent anthracnose black rot, late blight and verticellosis wilt are the most important diseases that cause the significant damage to the strawberry plantations. The losses of a strawberry commodity crop from anthracnose damage can reach 80 %. The most strawberry varieties are susceptible to anthracnose black rot in various degree. The resistance of garden strawberry to anthracnose is controlled polygenically and monogenously. The causative agent of late blight root rot (late blight wilting) is Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae Hickman. The causative agent of late blight affects the root system, causing the inhibition of growth, withering and subsequent death of plants. One of the promising methods for identifying wild strawberry forms resistant to late blight and anthracnose is analysis using diagnostic DNA markers linked to the target alleles of resistance genes. DNA markers are successfully used both at the stage of selection of initial sources for hybridization and in the subsequent analysis of hybrid material. The results of DNA analysis of varieties and selected seedlings of strawberry on the genes of resistance to late blight wilt Rpf1 and anthracnose Rca2 are shown. The SCAR-R1A marker linked to the Rpf1 gene was not detected in the studied strawberry varieties and forms, that presumably indicates their recessive homozygous genotype for the Rpf1 gene (rpf1rpf1). The STS-Rca2_240 marker linked to the Rca2 gene was detected in Borovitskaya and Aprica varieties and in the selected form of 933-4 (F. virginiana Duch. Ssp. Platypetala × Rubinovy Kulon), which allow us to recommend them for breeding as a promising source of anthracnose resistance.

Annotation

Methodical aspects for the selection of strawberry genotypes with high anthocyanins content have been developed. They are based on a generalize of long-term studies of the anthocyanins accumulation in the fruits of a large number of varieties, elite and selected forms and hybrid material, carried out both in the field and in the laboratory. An improved color scale is presented, consisting of 15 color photographs of samples that more fully reflect the entire spectrum of fruit color changes from light to dark shades associated with less or greater accumulation of anthocyanins. The developed estimation scale makes it possible to carry out a field rapid estimation of the anthocyanins content in the strawberry fruits of both the numerous genetic collections and the hybrid fund. The reliability of this method is confirmed by a high correlation (r = +0.82) between the fruit anthocyanins content determined in the field using the color scale carried out for 457 strawberry forms and then that determination by the differential spectrophotometry. A gradation of the analyzed genotypes depending on the anthocyanins content is including 5 groups from very low (30.0 mg/100g and below) to very high (90.1 mg/100g and more). As a result of the research, promising strawberry varieties and forms (Rubinovyy Kulon, Privlekatel'naya, Feyyerverk, 3/3-16 (Feyyerverk × Maryshka), 3/6-72 (Rubinovyy Kulon × Maryshka), 3/2-3 (Feyyerverk × L'vovskaya Rannyaya)) � the sources of high anthocyanins content suitable for fresh consumption, processing and freezing, and further breeding on the improved chemical composition of fruits were identified.

Annotation

Both for the processing industry and for recommendations to consumers, a comprehensive study of the qualitative characteristics of berries of grape varieties and forms in specific natural and climatic conditions, including chemical composition, becomes important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the main chemical components of the gene pool collection of grape varieties growing in the conditions of the Central chernozem region (Michurinsk). The studies were conducted in the period 2017-2021. Berries of the varieties grown on the experimental sites of the Laboratory of Private Genetics and Breeding of the I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center were used as objects of research. The collection is represented by varieties of various species origin obtained in Russia, Ukraine, USA, Moldova, Bulgaria, Hungary. Chemical analyses of the fruit were carried out on the basis of the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Technologies of the FSBSI �I.V. Michurin FSC� according to the standard methods: the content of soluble solids � refractometrically; the content of the sum of sugars, organic acids, ascorbic acid � by titrimetric methods; anthocyanins � by pH-differential spectrophotometry, mineral elements � by capillary electrophoresis. Valuable genotypes with improved parameters of the chemical composition of fruits have been identified: total sugar content (above 18.0 %) � Kishmish koktail, Rozalia; high sugar-acid index (above 35) � Vostorg, Baklanovskiy, Rozalia, Elf; ascorbic acid content (above 10.0 mg/100 g) � Asya, Denisovskiy, Kishmish vengerskiy, Platovsky; anthocyanins (above 70.0 mg/100 g) � Denisovskiy, Agat donskoy; mineral substances � Kodryanka (K+ � 144.2 mg/100 g, Na+ � 2.0 mg/100 g, Mg2+ � 9.3 mg/100 g, Ca2+ � 19.6 mg/100 g)