Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The degree of laying and development of embryonic fertility in the overwintering central buds depends on the grape variety, its genetic characteristics and ecological and geographical origin. The purpose of our research was to study the influence of growth regulators on the laying of embryo inflorescences along the length of the annual shoot of the Solaris, Bianka, and Pervenets Magarach grape varieties. Treatment by gibberellin and micefit was carried out twice in three concentrations of 1.10 and 100 mg / l: before flowering and during post-fertilization. On the basis of the data obtained, the coefficients of fruiting (K1), fruitfullness (K2), and productivity (Kp) of the central overwintering buds along the length and three buds levels of the annual shoot were calculated. It was determined that treatment of Solaris variety by gibberellin stimulated an increase in the fruiting coefficient at the 5th level. When applying micefit at a concentration of 10 mg / l in both periods of treatment, the maximum value of this indicator was noted at the level of the 6th (1.74) and 4th (2.03) nodes, respectively. In Bianca variety the use of micefit in a lower concentration during both treatment periods increases in the fruiting coefficient at the level of the 9-10th node (1.68-1.70). The use of tested growth regulators led to an increase in productivity coefficient. Its maximum value was determined in the treatment option during the post-fertilization period of the Solaris variety by micefit (10 mg / l) at the level of the 4-7th node (1.21), which is 1.5 times higher than in the control. In the variety Pervenets Magarach the best value of the productivity coefficient was noted in the variant of treatment by micefitin of a lower concentration. The use of growth regulators of gibberellin and micefit in the tested concentrations allows to reveal more the biocapacity of the embryonic fruiting of the overwintering buds of each studied grape variety.

Annotation

The introduction of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies that ensure consistently high yields is one of the factors of sustainable development of the viticulture industry in Transdniestria. One of the elements of such technologies is the use of growth regulators. The aim of our research was to study the influence of growth regulators the structure of the cluster of grapes bunch of Vostorg and Talisman table varieties. The plants were treated twice: before flowering and during the period of berry growth. The following indicators were considered: the average mass of the bunch; weight and number of berries, including well-developed ones; ridge mass; percentage of berries and ridges; an indicator of the bunch`s structure, berry indicator. For the Vostorg and Talisman grape varieties, the growth regulators of gibberellin, mycephitus, zircon and epin-extra in the studied concentrations during double treatment contributed to an increase in the mass of the bunch and the number of berries, including well-developed ones. The use of these regulators led to a significant increase in the mass of the ridge, at the same time, the percentage of the mass of the ridge relative to the mass of the bunch decreased from 3.4 in the control to 2.3-3.0 in the experimental versions. The bunch`s structure indicator in all processing variants was higher than that in the control variant, but the berry indicator was lower. The highest values of the indicator of the bunch`s structure are noted when the use of the epin-extra. The lowest berry indicator of the Vostorg grape variety was noted when the treatment of plants with mycephitis, and the epin-extra when processing of Talisman. The effectiveness of growth regulators depended on the grape variety, as well as the preparation and its concentration.

Annotation

The article presents the results of field experiments to study the effect of double treatment of plants with growth regulators like gibberellin, mycephite, zircon, HB-101 the weight of the bunch, the number of berries in the bunch, the yield and sugar content in the juice of the berries of the Citrine table grape variety in the years differing in temperature and humidity conditions in the period rom sap flow to harvest. Phenological observations and agrobiological surveys were carried out according to the method of M.V. Melkonyan and V.A. Volynkin. Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient was used to assess the moisture content on the phases of grape vegetation. During the years of research, significant differences were noted in moisture supply in the main phases of grape development and insignificant in the sum of active temperatures. The research results showed that in the conditions of Pridnestrovie, the mass of a bunch of the Citrine table grapes variety is determined both by the conditions of the year and by the influence of growth regulators. The use of gibberellin, mycephyte, zircon and HB-101 reduced the adverse effect of precipitation during blossoming and led to a significant increase in the number of berries in a bunch, contributed to a decrease in the number of pea-berry in a bunch during drought in the period of growth and ripening phases. Under conditions of a higher moisture supply during the ripening period of berries, growth regulators did not have a noticeable effect the sugar content in the juice of berries; under arid conditions, the sugar content of the juice of berries in the experimental plants was higher than in the control plants. Mycephite contributed to a significant increase in the mass of a grape bunch, both in arid and more humid conditions, as a result of which the yield increased by 12.2 and 7.7 t / ha, or 88 and 53%, respectively, in comparison with the control.