Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Creation and cultivation of economically feasible and environmentally safe orchard, especially important in a market economy. An important task for expanding the area of cultivation of subtropical fruit crops, in particular, oriental persimmon, is to increase the frost resistance of varieties and obtain planting material with a well-developed root system. In the fruits of subtropical crops (persimmon, fig, feijoa, black olive) with valuable medicinal and dietary properties, the sugar content (mainly fructose) is several times higher than that of conventional fruit crops (apple, pear, plum). Oriental persimmon fruits contain 0.025-0.0415 mg % of vitamin P, 0.15-11.8 mg % of carotenoid, l100-530 mg% of leucoanthocyanin, 45.6 mg% of vitamin �. Three types of persimmons have become widespread in Dagestan, - date plum persimmon with a well-developed fibrous root system, common persimmon with high frost resistance and oriental persimmon with high commodity fruit qualities. The idea to combine all three types of persimmon in one plant using vegetative hybridization was implemented in work: date plum persimmon (rootstock), oriental persimmon (scion) and common persimmon (intercalary insert). The resulting three-component planting material meets high requirements and can be used in regions with relatively cold climates. Practically, when growing such persimmon plants in areas with a cold climate, there is no need for transportation valuable fruits from the southern regions and, accordingly, the price will decrease and the quality indicators of this product will remain. Breeding studies are planned in the future with the participation of these oriental persimmon plants with intercalary insert of common persimmon.

Annotation

The article shows the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of physiological active substances (FAS) for top dressing treatment of vegetative saplings for the formation and development of the root system of grapes. The purpose of this work is to reveal the fundamental possibility of obtaining the high-quality root-owning planting material from shortened cuttings of phyloxera tolerant grape varieties with a limited nutrition area using physiological active substances. Studies were carried out on promising grape varieties for the Republic of Dagestan, suitable for cultivation in the root own crop. The Agadai variety served as a control. It has been established that for phylloxera-tolerant technical grape varieties, when the top dressing application of FAS the indicators shown for the quality of native root planting material are achieved. The use of physiological active Substances by treating the leaf surface of grape sapling is more effective and more appropriate than the preplanting application of an auxin preparation. In particular, in the process of studying a promising technical variety of Pervenets Magarach for the Republic of Daghestan suitable for own roots cultivationit it is revealed that the optimal for obtaining root- owning planting material is a planting scheme of 20x10 cm with a cuttings length of 20 cm and when the treatment of vegetative plants with a solution of FAS when the shoots of 20-30 cm in length. The results of carried out research open the way for accelerated propagation of especially valuable phyloxera-tolerant grape varieties under the condition of limited genetic material and land resources.