Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The rootstocks that are highly productive and resistant to adverse environmental factors are one of the basic elements for constructing the modern intensive technologies for fruit crops cultivation. The rootstocks that are maximally adapted to climatic conditions are required, which can provide a high reliability and productivity of the garden. Of greatest interest are genotypes with a wide range of cultivation, this indicates a high biopotential of plants. The main goal of the work was to study the economically valuable traits of a number of clonal rootstocks for plum-tree, including the rootstocks of joint breeding of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making and the Stavropol Experimental Station of Horticulture during their cultivation under different ecological and geographical conditions in the Minsk Region (Belarus) and in the Prikuban gardening zone of the Krasnodar Territory (Russia). As a result of the studies, the influence of the soil-climatic conditions of the cultivation zones on the economically valuable indicators of rootstocks was revealed. The shoot formation ability of uterine bushes, the level of branching, and the clasterosporium affection o f annual shoots of VPK-1, BBA-1, Spring Flame, Speaker, PK SK 1 (PKG 25/1), PK SK 2 (PKG13 / 1) rootstocks were assessed. Their degree of rooting with green cuttings is estimated. The PK SK 1 and PK SK 2 rootstocks were identified according to the productivity of uterine-orchards in two studied zones. These rootstocks can be used in breeding as origin of drought resistance and heat resistance. They have a high percentage of rooting by green and lignified cuttings. According to the set of positive characteristics the rootstocks of SK 1 and SK 2 were allocated to the elite in 2018 and 2020, they were patented and were entered into the State Register of selection achievements of Russia.

Annotation

The demand for the development of universal technologies by the method of green cuttings increases significantly in the production of basic mother plantings, i.e. when creating high quality planting material. Green propagation is one of the fastest and relatively cheap in relation to the in vitro method of propagation of plants from mother plantings of the original category. It is also necessary in the production of seedlings for intensive planting of hybrids, introduced material of interest. The relevance of identifying adaptive rootstocks and effective technologies makes it necessary to carry out joint research work with other institutions, increasing the evidence base and the accuracy of research, while significantly reducing the research time. The value of the direction lies in the possibility of isolating plants with a wide biopotential, which is especially valuable when stressful situations for stone fruit crops increase, especially in the spring-summer period. As a result of studies on shoot-forming ability, the most adaptive rootstocks were identified in different growing conditions � VSL-2 (KESS VIR breeding), Gisela 5 (Germany), 3-107, AI 1, 3-20 (NCFSCHVW breeding), AI-5 BD, AI-1 BD (NCFSCHVW and RUE �Institute of Fruit Growing� breeding). All new forms of rootstocks were characterized by resistance to coccomycosis. Rootstocks with a short period of callus formation were noted. It was found that in the conditions of the south of Russia this indicator depended on the preparations used to increase rhizogenesis, in Belarus conditions � on the genotypes of the rootstocks. When propagating by green cuttings, a high yield of rooting was noted under the conditions of Belarus in rootstocks AI 1, AI-1 BD (100 %), VSL-2, AI-74 BD, AI-5 BD (85.2-91.2 %), under conditions of elevated temperatures in the south of Russia in forms 3-20 and AI-5 BD, VSL-2, AI-1 BD, (67-98 %). According to the joint data, the AI-1 DB rootstock was identified for all the studied parameters.