Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of analysis of spatial distribution of the mean monthly air temperature in September on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. The work on the complex agro-ecological territorial zoning, including a wide range of orographic, edaphic and climatic indicators, is the basis for terroir viticulture and winemaking. The climatic conditions for growing grapes have a great influence the crop quality, and as a result determine the direction of its use. The SRTM-3 electronic terrain model of the Crimean Peninsula and long-term data of meteorological observations at 17 meteorological stations of Crimea and Sevastopol during 1985-2019 were used as study objects. To identify the objective laws of spatial distribution of agro-climatic indices characterizing the grape ripening period, we prepared a network of 15 reference points coinciding with the location of meteorological stations and a long series of observations. To model the spatial distribution of the mean monthly air temperature in September, three mathematical models were used, including the authorial one. The data of the WorldClim 2.0 model was adjusted by adding an error correction of 0.67 to the results of calculation, which slightly increased the modeling accuracy. A multivariate model was also compiled, taking into account the geographical latitude of the terrain and the absolute height above sea level. Based on the results obtained, a digital large-scale map of spatial distribution of the mean monthly air temperature in September on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula was developed. We mapped out 5 zones according to the mean monthly air temperature in September. Using of these models in GIS makes it possible to computerize the analysis of amenity of a territory for growing grapes.

Annotation

For the most comprehensive study of the influence of agroecological factors on the quality of grapes, the research area covers Steppe, Pedmont and the South Coast zones of the Crimean Peninsula. At the same time, the spatial variation of agroecological factors under the influence of the terrain, hydrological features of the territory and the heterogeneity of the surface background was taken into account. The developed geoinformational database contains information on the location of more than 70 control vineyards, the qualitative characteristics of the crop yield obtained in 2001-2019 and the agroecological conditions of the area. It contains the information about the morphometric features of the terrain and climatic resources of the territory under study. To assess the formation of complexes of major and secondary grape metabolites, the information on the qualitative composition and quantitative content of mono- and oligo- carbohydrates, organic acids, phenolic substances, aroma producing components and their ratios in berries is included in the database. Basing on the data collected, by non-linear interpolation of long-term observations at Crimean meteorological stations using methods of geoinformational and mathematical modeling, the climatic indicators for each point of the Crimean Peninsula were calculated. It allowed to characterize accurately the climatic conditions in each vineyard with prospects to contribute to a more accurate identification of patterns between the characteristics of the grape growing area and parameters of crop quality. The geoinformational database developed is a powerful tool to study the relationship between agroecological factors and the formation of the major and secondary grape metabolites, determining the quality parameters of products of viticulture and winemaking. It will allow using, when analyzing the correlation between the qualitative indicators of grapes and climate parameters, not the data of the nearest meteorological station, as in other similar studies, but the values specified on the basis of geoinformational modeling. This will contribute to a more accurate identification of the nature and degree of the analyzed dependencies.

Annotation

Locating of vineyards is based on the principle of adapting the commercial grape assortment to agroclimatic and soil resources of a particular cultivation region, taking into account special cultivation technologies, satisfying the selected direction of using the grown crops. The work presents the results of analysis of spatial distribution of the sum of temperatures above 20 ºC, as one of the most important agroclimatic indices characterizing the ripening period of grapes. The SRTM-3 digital terrain model of the Crimean Peninsula and long-term data of meteorological observations in 17 meteorological stations of Crimea and Sevastopol for the period of 1985-2019 were used as materials. To identify the patterns of spatial distribution of the analyzed index, a network of 15 control points, coinciding with the location of meteorological stations, armed with long series of observations, was created. Using GIS technologies, for each control point we calculated the values of agroecological factors that can affect spatial variation of the sum of temperatures above 20 ºC: absolute height above sea level, exposure and slope steepness, latitude, distance to the sea or other large water reservoir. Furthermore, for the analyzed index, several mathematical models were selected. They were compared with each other in terms of the error between the calculated and actual data in the control points. The coefficients were adjusted for every model to minimize errors. Based on the results of comparison, the most accurate model was selected to be used in generating a digital map of spatial distribution of the sum of temperatures above 20 ºC. Digital large-scale map of spatial distribution of the indicator on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula was compiled and 6 zones were identified basing on the obtained results. The resulting findings are intended to optimize the locating of commercial vineyards and increase the efficiency of production on the back of sustainable use of natural resources.