Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Alferov Victor
Articles in journal: (total 13)
Comparative evaluation of two methods of apple clonal rootstocks growing is conducted. Modified method of apple clonal rootstocks breeding reducing twice the need in cuttings for foundation of nurse-wood and paying off all costs on its foundation in the first year is offered
The selection of rootstock for sweet cherry is based on his adaptation to specific soil and climatic and technological conditions of culture. The recommended clonal and seed rootstocks at cultivation of gardens on soils of the Central Caucasus do not fully allow to realize the potential of this culture. Sweet cherry trees must have a strong, deeply penetrating, frost-resistant root system and high stable trunk to winter. The rootstocks from Antipka seedlings the most corresponds to requirements, the roots of Antipka quickly assimilate the large volumes of the soil. The big advantage of Antipka is quite high winter hardiness. Antipka is not only tolerates to low temperatures, but also promotes the increase in winter hardiness of a scion. The purpose of these research was to reveal the influence of grafting height on biological and economic properties of grafted plants of sweet cherry in a garden. The modern methods of field and laboratory research were used in a work. It is established that the increase in grafting height of sweet cherry varieties on Antipka seedlings from 3-5 to 40-60 cm considerably changes their biological and economic properties. This processing method promotes the reduction of trees height by 19 % and the volume of grown by 50 %. The early maturing of trees, their productivity and frost resistance of trunks are increased. Improvement of fruit quality of sweet cherry is noted. It is shown that the total crop of Golubushka sweet cherry trees landing at the scheme of 53 m with variety's grafting at the height of 40-60 cm is 35,2 c/hectare more, than in control variant. It is noted the significant increase in productivity and quality of fruit harvesting on relatively low growing sweet cherry trees grafted on Antipka's trunks. Labor costs for cultivation and harvesting decrease by 35-62%.
The new system of cherries tree formation Stop Leader, due to the removal of central conductor in the first year after planting reduces the height of the trees, and due to bending of part of branches one accelerates the receipt of the first industrial crops. More than 20 tons of high quality fruits are got in the harvest each year during the period of full fruiting per hectare of garden, which is formed in this way