Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article summarizes the results of scientific researches conducted by the ARRIV&W � branch of the FSBSI FRARC in 2022. The research was aimed at: preservation and study of the genetic collection of grapevine plants, creation of new varieties with high biological potential, management of the production process, formation of technologies for the production of improved planting material, new systems of grape cultivation, monitoring and protection of grape plantations from harmful organisms, study of the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the growth, development of plants and the quality of products. As a result of the research, new knowledge was obtained in the field of viticulture and wine-making, the mobilization and replenishment of the ampelographic collection with varieties of various ecological and geographical origins continued, valuable genotypes were identified for their use in practical breeding and introduction into production. Breeding material was obtained: 2 donors, 52 sources of economically valuable traits. 26 seedlings, 22 promising forms of grapevine were identified as the elite. The seedless table-technical complex-resistant high-yielding grapevine variety Kivin was submitted to the State Varietal Testing. In 2022, 4 grape varieties were included to the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use. Biotechnological methods were developed for medium-term storage of grapevine in the collection in vitro. Experimental data were obtained on improving the technologies of planting material production and maintaining semi-covered and covered vineyards, which ensure the stable production of grapes and viticultural products. Seven vine-growing zones in Rostov region were allocated. The ecological, agrobiological, technological parameters of grapes and wine that affect the quality of grape and wine products have been determined.

Annotation

Under the ecological conditions of the Lower Pridonia of the Russian Federation, on the example of a promising grape variety of interspecies origin Crystal, the long term research was carried out to establish the optimal parameters of various agro-technical techniques used in the vineyard (the way of management, formation, pruning and the rate of load of bushes by shoots and harvest). At the same time, the prerequisite for these experiments was to link of agrotechnical way under study with the scheme of bushes planting taking into account its impact the productivity of non-cover up vineyards, as well as the quality of the harvest. Based on the results of research carried out, the technological and economic benefits of new methods offered by us, under the conditions of the Don, for industrial and intensive ways of formation and maintenance of vineyards. Thus, on the usual, non-cover up high-stamp vineyards of industrial type were more effective the ways of bushes keeping on a bunk trellis, with free development of shoots, with the scheme of bushes planting of 3.0 x 1.5 m using the formations: zigzag cordon and Y-shaped. And in the intensive plantations with scheme of bushes planting of 3.0 x 0.5 m the highest productivity of labor and productivity of vine plants is noted when applying a medium-stamp small bowl-shaped mould on a simplified single-wire trellis. The high adaptability of the Kristall variety to the ecological conditions of the Lower Don Region was established. In almost all variants of the experiment, the following were noted: the high fruitfulness of the shoots and their productivity, as well as the yield of the bushes with high technological conditions of berry juice. There was a more intensive increase in the yield of bushes with rare grape plantations in comparison with compacted plantations.

Annotation

The article summarizes the results of scientific research conducted by the ARRIV&W � branch of FSBSI FRASC in 2021. The research was aimed at preserving and studying the genetic fund of grape plants, creating new varieties with high biological potential, managing the production process, developing technologies for the production of improved planting material, new systems for growing grapes, monitoring and protecting vine plantations from harmful organisms, studying the influence of various factors on growth, plant development and product quality. As a result of the research, new knowledge in the field of viticulture and winemaking was obtained, the mobilization and replenishment of the ampelographic collection with varieties of various ecological and geographical origins continued, valuable genotypes were identified for their use in practical breeding and introduction into production of autochthonous Don varieties. Breeding material was obtained: 3 donors, 32 sources of economically valuable traits; 14 seedlings, 14 promising forms of grapes were selected for the elite. 1 white technical grade was transferred to the State selection test, 1 patent was received. 2 grape varieties are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use. Biotechnological techniques for managing morphogenesis at the stages of obtaining a healthy planting material for grapes in vitro culture have been developed. The ways of maintaining non-covering, semi-covering and covering vineyards have been improved, ensuring an increase in yield capacity, economic efficiency and a decrease in the labor intensity of the crop in the conditions of the south of Russia. The ecological, agrobiological, technological parameters of grapes and wine, which affect the quality of grape and wine products, are determined. A comparative study of the ecological parameters of zones and terroirs in the Rostov region was carried out. 3 zones and 7 terroirs identified.

Annotation

The article presents the results of scientific research conducted by the ARRIV&W � branch of the FSBSI FRARC in 2023. As a result of the research, new knowledge was obtained in the field of viticulture and winemaking, data was obtained on the agrobiological potential of autochthonous and introduced varieties in the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko, systematization and digitalization of ampelographic resources data was carried out, 3 databases of grape ampelographic resources and the conditions of their growth were created. Varieties resistant to harmful organisms have been identified. Recommendations on the variety assortment and direction of use of autochthonous and introduced varieties have been developed. A method for storing grape plants in in vitro culture, methods for forming a collection and long-term non-transplant storage of grape plants in in vitro culture, ensuring non-transplant storage of microplants for up to 10-12 months have been developed. Breeding material was obtained: 25 sources of valuable traits (large size, productivity, resistance to mildew), 21 seedlings were selected as elite. Two grape varieties were submitted to the State Varietal Testing. An improved technology for obtaining basic planting material has been developed. The technology of adaptation to non-sterile conditions has been improved. Technologies for the production of planting material using PAS and elicitors have been developed. Seven modifications of high-standard grape formations have been developed, and optimal agro-technical parameters for cultivating grapes under various cultivation methods have been determined. Based on the analysis of geophysical, geological, climatic and soil characteristics, experimental data were obtained on the zoning of vineyard lands in the Rostov region, the determination of ecological, agrobiological, technological parameters that determine the terroirs of the Rostov region, the development of technologies that improve the quality wine products.