Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The problems of transformation of chernozem soils properties of garden cenoses during drip irrigation with mineralized water are considered. The widespread introduction of drip irrigation with the mineral fertilizers to cultivate fruit plantations using intensive technologies has created a number of environmental problems. The forced use of mineralized water for irrigation due to limited resources contributes to changes in the properties of chernozem soils, in recent years. It is manifested fruit plants oppression against the background of the constant use of fertigation in the intensive fruit plantations. It was found that drip irrigation of apple orchards with mineralized water contributed to the accumulation of water-soluble salts in the main zone of soil moisture. The use of long-term drip the irrigation in fruit plantations led to the gradual leaching of calcium ions from the zones of local soil moisture. The proportion of magnesium in the soil-absorbing complex as a result of irrigation increased in 20.8-32.8 % of the amount of absorbed bases. On the plot with oppressed apple-trees, a higher content of exchangeable magnesium in the soil was noted in comparison with apple plantations under a satisfactory condition. The increased content of sodium in irrigation water led to a significant increase in its concentration in the places of localization of irrigation water in areas with both depressed and apple trees in satisfactory condition. The content of exchangeable sodium in the soil layer 0-30 cm under the droppers increased in 0.94-1.74 mg-eq./100 g. of soil. The share of exchangeable sodium in the soil absorbing complex in the zone of local soil moisture increased in 3.1-5.3 % of the amount of absorbed bases, which indicates a weak degree of soil salinity. Analysis of apple varieties productivity indicates the influence of tree growth conditions the yield and fruit quality, the share of the influence of soil conditions was 81.8-93.6 %.