Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article provides experimental data confirming the patterns of changing the productivity of table grape variety Podarok Nesvetaya due to changes in load of shoots and clusters on bushes. Field studies are made in the Central agroecological zone of the viticulture of the Krasnodar Region, Grapevines were planted 3.5 × 3.5 m and training system � high-trunk bilateral cordon, the rootstock is Berlandieri × Riparia SO4. The average annual air temperature is 12.5�13.0 ºC, the sum of the active temperatures is 3900�4100 �C, the maximum temperature during vegetation - +40 ºC, the minimum in winter is lowered to -30 ºC. The annual amount of precipitation is 700-800 mm. Thin-humous soils, leached deep chernozem. In such agroecological conditions, the variety showed a high responsiveness to various load of shoots and clusters on bushes. The correlation dependence of the total weight of the clusters from one bush and yield from the number of clusters is high. The correlation coefficient is 0.75. With the load of shoots 50 pcs/bush and the load of clusters 63 pcs/bush the average weight of the grape clusters reaches the greatest value and amounts 0.406 kg. The greatest yield of commercial grapes 19.7 t/ha is formed with the load of shoots and clusters on bushes in the amount of 40 and 67 pcs/bush, respectively. With such regulations of the load on the bushes, the cluster of grape retains an attractive commodity appearance and its weight amounts 0.394 kg. Optimized bushes load regulations of shoots and clusters in the amount of 40 and 67 pcs/bush is recommended to use in the central agroececological zone of the viticulture of the Krasnodar Region for growing high yields of the commodity table variety Podarok Nesvetaya on the rootstock Berlandieri × Riparia SO4.

Annotation

In the article are provided experimental data confirming the regularities of changes in the productivity of the table grape variety Victor due to change in the load of bushes with shoots and clusters. Field studies were carried out in the Central Agroecological zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar Region, the scheme of bushes planting is 3.8 × 2.0 m, the formation of bushes is a high-standard two-armed cordon, rootstock is Berlandieri × Riparia SO4. The average annual air temperature is 12.5-13.0 ºC, the sum of active temperatures is 3900-4100 ºC, the maximum temperature during the growing season is plus 40 ºC, the temperature in winter drops to minus 30 ºC. The annual amount of atmospheric precipitation is 700-800 mm. The soils are low-humus, powerful leached chernozems. The variety showed a high responsiveness to changes in the load of bushes with shoots and clusters under this agroecological conditions. The correlation dependence of the total mass of clusters from one bush on the number of fruitful shoots and the number of clusters is medium and high, respectively, r = 0.63 and r = 0.75. The dependence of productivity on the load of bushes with shoots and clusters is high. The correlation coefficient is 0.88-0.93 and 0.86-0.99, respectively. The largest mass of a cluster, 0.757 kg, is formed when the bushes are loaded with shoots of 26 pcs. per bush and clusters in the amount of 10 pcs. per bush. Clusters are close in size to this mass when the bushes are loaded with 21 shoots and 13 clusters per bush, as well as when the bushes are loaded with 16 shoots and 12 clusters per bush, respectively, 0.714 and 0.756 kg. The highest yield of grapes, 14.83 and 14.50 t per ha, is formed with the greatest load of bushes with shoots of 26 and 21 pcs. per bush in combination with a load of clusters in the amount of 17 pcs. per bush.

Annotation

The article presents the results of the study of the embryonic fruitfulness of the Gurman Kraynova and Viktor varieties. The work was carried out in the Central agroecological zone of the Krasnodar region in 2020 and 2021. The average air temperature from May to September in 2020 was +22.0 ºC, in 2021 � +21.7 ºC. During the embryonic inflorescence formation, the average temperature in 2020 was +22.1 ºC, in 2021 � +20.2 ºC. The maximum air temperature during this period in 2020 was +35 ºC, in 2021 � +32 ºC. In 2020, 56.9 and 55.1 % of the buds of the Gurman Kraynova and Viktor varieties contained embryonic inflorescences, 10.3 % and 14.8 % of the buds had two or more inflorescences, 5.6 % and 2 % were dead, respectively. The coefficient of embryonic fruitfulness k1 in both varieties was the same, 0.63, the coefficient of fruitfulness k2 was 1.15 in the Viktor variety, 1.1 � in the Gurman Kraynova variety. In 2021, with a decrease in the average and maximum air temperature by 1.9 and 3 ºC relative to 2021, the proportion of fruitful buds in the Gurman Kraynova variety decreased to 51.6 %, with two or more inflorescences increased to 24.2 %. In the Viktor variety, the values of both indicators increased to 71.4 % and 33.3 %, respectively. The fruitfulness coefficient k1 in the Gurman Kraynova variety has hardly changed, in the Viktor variety it has grown to 0.95. The fruitfulness coefficients k2 were 1.24 and 1.33, respectively. The Gurman Kraynova variety has the most productive zone on the shoot from 5 to 10 buds, the Viktor variety � from 4 to 8. For the Gurman Kraynova variety, pruning of shoots for 10-11 buds is recommended for the harvest of 2022, for the Viktor variety � for 8-9 buds.

Annotation

The article presents experimental data confirming the production variability of table grape variety Viktor during biological manipulation with a living plant organism and its organs. Field studies were carried out in the Central agroecological zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar region. The planting scheme of bushes 3.8 × 2.0 m, the formation of bushes is a high- standard two-armed cordon, rootstock is Berlandieri × Riparia SO4. The average annual air temperature is 12.5�13.0 ºC, the sum of active temperatures is 3900-4100 ºC, the maximum air temperature during the growing season is plus 40 ºC, air temperature in winter drops to minus 30 ºC. The annual precipitation is 700-800 mm. The soils are low-humus, leached powerful chernozems. In such agroecological conditions, the Viktor grape variety has a high production responsiveness to the optimization of the structural elements of the bush. There is a change in the mass of the bunch and the yield of grapes, depending on the load of the bushes with shoots and bunches. The largest weight of a bunch is formed at an average load of bushes with shoots (21-24 pieces/bush) and bunches (13-15 pieces/bush) and is 0.777 kg. The correlation dependence of the average weight of a bunch of grapes of the Victor variety on the number of shoots on the bushes is moderate, r = 0.3. The yield capacity of grapes, including commercial ones, tends to decrease with a decrease in the load of bushes with shoots and bunches. The highest yield capacity of grapes was at the highest load of bushes with shoots (26-30 pieces/bush) and bunches (17-20 pieces/bush) and amounted to 18.19 t/ha. The correlation dependence of yield capacity on the load of bushes with shoots and bunches is medium and strong, r = 0.68 and r = 0.71, respectively. The share of commercial grapes is high, on average 92 %. The largest share of the commercial grape yield, 96 %, was in the variants with an average load of bushes with shoots (21-24 pieces/bush) and an average load of bunches (13-15 pieces/bush) and amounted to 13.5 t/ha.

Annotation

The selection of highly effective rootstocks for new grape varieties is relevant in modern viticulture. The influence of different rootstocks Chasselas × Berlandieri 41B and Berlandieri × Riparia SO4 on the agrobiological indicators of the Livia grape variety in the Central agroecological viticulture zone (fourth subzone) of the Krasnodar region is shown. The planting scheme of bushes on irrigated vineyards in the field experiment is 3.8 × 2 m, the formation of bushes is a high-standard two-armed cordon. The soils are low-humus, leached powerful chernozems. The average annual air temperature is 12.5-13.0 º�, the sum of active temperatures is 3900-4100 º�. The annual total precipitation is 700-800 mm. Grapes of the Livia variety on the 41B rootstock significantly outperform the analogue on the SO4 rootstock. Plantations on rootstock 41B are distinguished by a larger mass of bunches, elegance, large size and organoleptic properties of berries, and grape yield capacity. Ripening on rootstock 41B started much earlier than on rootstock SO4. In the agro-ecological conditions of 2020, the difference was 13-17 days, in 2021 � 4-7 days. Mass ripening in 2020 was earlier by 7-20 days, in 2021 by 6-7 days. The average weight of a bunch on the 41B rootstock was 30% more than on the SO4 rootstock and amounted to 0.674 kg. In terms of grape yield from a bush, plantings on rootstock 41B exceeded the analogue by 1.5 times. The yield capacity of grapes on rootstock 41B was higher than on SO4 by an average of 1.5 times and amounted to 24.62 t/ha. The share of marketable grapes was 93% on rootstock 41B, on rootstock SO4 � 90%. The tasting score of grapes grown on rootstock 41B was on average 8.8 points, on SO4 � 8.1 points. The positive effect of rootstock 41B on the biological and economically valuable characteristics of grapes is the basis for the wide practical use of this rootstock for the Livia grape variety in the Central agro-ecological viticulture zone of the Krasnodar region.