Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

This review was carried out on the topic of bacterial population of grapevine, with an emphasis on the functional structure of these communities. Bacterial communities in microbiota of grapevine are the most numerous. According to the localization on the plant, the non-pathogenic part of the microflora is divided into endophytic, which occupies the internal spaces of the grapevine, and epiphytic, which occupies the surface. Most bacterial endophytes do not have a noticeable effect on grape, or this effect has not been studied, but it is known that some of bacterial endophytes can have beneficial effects, for example, to stimulate plant growth or prevent harmful effects of phytopathogens. Epiphytic microflora provides the primary immune barrier in the formation of non-specific immunity in plants. Surface bacterial communities of grapes are vary significantly depending on the occupied ecological niches: roots, leaves, bark, flowers, berries, seeds. The article outlines the role of bacterial communities in ontogeny of grapes and opportunities for its practical use to increase in immune resistance of the grapes. In the literature, there are references to at least twelve genera of bacteria isolated from the microbiota of grapes and exhibiting the antagonistic properties to its pathogens. Species of the Bacillus genus are especially actively used in this area. The factors that form the quantitative and qualitative composition of bacterial microbiota were indicated: anthropogenic, naturalgeographical, edaphic, and genotypic (varietal). Anthropogenic factors have the greatest impact. The direct impact the microbiota in this case is expressed in the introduction of agrochemicals and pesticides, and indirectly associated with pruning, grafting, forming bushes, etc. It is known that the nature of the microbial community varies considerably in the vineyards with organic management.

Annotation

The article presents the results of a study of endophytic communities in the conductive organs of grapes, which is cultivated in the ampelocenoses of the Anapo-Taman viticulture zone. In the course of the work, the microbiota of annual and perennial conducting organs of Moldova and Merlot grape varieties was isolated, the diversity of bacterial endophytic communities was studied, their taxonomic structure was analyzed, and the dynamics of their phenotypic diversity depending on grape phenophase was demonstrated. Based on the results of the work, a preliminary conclusion was made about the differences in the taxonomic structure of bacterial endophytic communities from two varieties different in genotype and from two substrates of grape conducting organs differing in properties. The total number of isolated endophytic bacteria was 93 strains. The bacterial communities of the Merlot variety showed greater taxonomic diversity than the bacterial communities of the Moldova variety. Most of the isolated strains belonged to Firmicutes (38 strains) and Actinobacteria (36 strains). Proteobacteria (12 strains) were represented in a smaller number. We identified 42 bacterial strains, including Pantoea agglomerans, Bacillus sp., Kocuria sp., Paenibacillus sp., Dietzia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Rothia sp., Staphylococcus sp. Among the identified groups, strains of the genus Bacillus were the most diverse. Some genera of bacteria have been observed only in specific substrates. Thus, strains of the genus Acinetobacter were isolated only from annual vines of both varieties, Dietzia and Paenibacillus � only from annual vines of Moldova, Pseudomonas and Rothia � from perennial Merlot wood, Kocuria � from both communities of Merlot varieties, but one-year data need to be confirmed in further studies.