Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article reveals the main factors and moments that characterize the develop-ment of viticulture in the Gudermessky district of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR in the 80s of the XX century. It is emphasized that this area is more suitable for viticulture than the "old" areas � Naursky, Shelkovskoy and Nadterechny. In confirmation, emphasis is placed on more favorable edaphoclimatic conditions, the possibility of introducing a non-covering and semi-covering grape culture, a higher adaptability of the population to the industry, due to the proximity to the Khasavyurtovsky District, where the population was engaged in viticulture much earlier. It was found that by the mid-1980s 8 specialized farms (wine collective farms) operated in the district, which are part of the production and collective farm association "Checheningushvino". The area of vineyards was systematically growing, the wine collective farms achieved high results in terms of gross production of grapes and grape yield capacity. A special place was given to securing vineyards for mobile groups of wine-growers (family contract) and tenants. The culture of grapes in the region occupied a prestigious place among other branches of the agro-industrial complex. It was especially noted that the processes of intensification of production were launched. High-value grape varieties with increased frost resistance were tested, allowing them to switch to a non-covering crop; the bushes were transferred to more advanced pruning, which were distinguished by a greater capacity in terms of load with shoots, etc. After the release of the Anti-Alcohol Decree and subsequent negative processes that led to the collapse of the country (and to military operations in Chechnya), the industry began to curtail. However, the experience accumulated by generations of growing grapes finds its application.

Annotation

A nutritious, medical and dietary properties of grape berries reveals. The perspective assortment of table grapes for viticulture farm types of the Chechen Republic, including varieties of different ripening time, superior in its resistance to disease, pests and frost is defined. This is zoned grape Karaburnu: Delight, Pleven steady, Liang, Frumoasa alba, Anniversary of the Crane. The percentage parity of the areas occupied by them Is recommended, and also short characteristic of them is resulted.

Annotation

The importance of cultivation in the Chechen Republic of valuable technical grape varieties with complex resistance to adverse environmental factors, to bring down the cost of manufactured production and allow a conveyor grapes is offered. Grades of grape, such as Podarok Magaracha, Saperavi Severniy, Danko, Rkaciteli, Beliy Onitskanskiy are recommended for cultivation.

Annotation

The diversity of assortment and biological characteristics of grape varieties necessitates a careful approach to their selection in specific edaphoclimatic conditions. The significance of this approach has been relevant at all times, and in modern conditions it is significantly increasing, due to market relations dictating in which direction to develop, as well as an increase in the load of biotic environmental factors against the background of a decrease in the intensity of anthropogenic impact on the grape plant. Therefore, the optimization of the assortment when creating new vineyards remains the most important condition for ensuring high productivity, durability and economic efficiency of their cultivation. Grapes are a perennial crop that begins to fully fruiting in the fifth year after planting. In order to make sure the studied variety is suitable for specific conditions or not, at least another 5-6 years of observation are needed. Therefore, the experience of previous generations acquires special significance. History teaches not only not to repeat the mistakes of past years, but also which way to go forward. This article provides material devoted to the history of the formation of an assortment of industrial grapes in the territory of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the past. In terms of the area of vineyards and the gross yield of grapes, the republic was on the third place in the Russian Federation after the Republic of Dagestan and the Krasnodar region. The edaphoclimatic conditions are suitable here for the cultivation of grapes. Therefore, the experience gained by more than one generation of winegrowers and scientists should be the property of the younger generation.