Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Eremin Gennady
Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station, Branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
Articles in journal: (total 11)
In the Krasnodar region conditions the varieties-rootstock combinations of plum Russkaya are studied in the period of growth and fructification for allocation the best of them for use in the intensive technologies of cultivation. The most poor growth, productive, early-maturing variety-rootstock combinations are allocated. They represent the greatest value for use in the intensive type technologies of plum Russkaya fruits production
The Krymsk Experimental Breeding Station stores a gene pool of stone fruits of 5000 genotypes as a result of collecting missions in the centres of origin of cultivated plants. The pool was used to single out the donors and characteristics significant for breeding that enabled the formation of the genetic collection of stone fruits and to syntheses the new collection donors which were employed to develop the new varieties of stone fruits. Their use was especially efficient for breeding clonal stocks. Using the genotypes of wild species of stone fruits from the State Register of Selection Achievements admitted for reproduction in the Russian Federation, we developed 17 clonal stocks. As a result of analytical selection we singled out the genotypes that were given the status of varieties from the gene pool of wild-growing stone fruits: seedling rootstocks 'Pamirskiy 5' and 'Tikhoretskiy 4', clonal stocks 'L-2' and 'Kuban 86', ornamental cherry trees 'Kiparisovaya', 'Rozanna', 'Krasna devitsa', 'Malyshka'; Louiseania ulmifolia - 'Ocharovanie', 'Rozoviy shar', 'Snezhanna'. As a result of study of the gene pool of the wild-growing stone fruits and the outcomes of their selection usage, additions and corrections were introduced in the system of the genus Prunus L. We suggest transferring the section Amygdalopsis (Carr.) Lincz. of the subgenus Amygdalus (L.) Focke and Microcerasus Webb. of the subgenus Cerasus Pers. to the subgenus Prunophora Focke besides the sections Prunus and Armeniaca (Lam.) Koehne. An intraspecific taxonomy of species was developed for: cherry plum - P.cerasifera Ehr.; blackthorn - P.spinosa L.; Microcerasus incana (Pall.) M. Roem. - P.incna Stev.; Microcerasus prostrata Roem.- P.prostrata Labill.; dwarf almond - P.nana (L.) Bert. et Hedr. and others. We put forward a hypothesis of the origin of several species of stone fruits, including P.spinosa, P.darvasica, P.fruticosa, P.Maackii, P.kurilensis, P.nana, P.fenzliana, P.buharica, P.spinosissima, P.petunnikovii and some others.
A scheme for the study of genefund of stone fruits on Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station using genetic collections is presented. Data on breeding new varieties and clonal rootstocks for stone fruit with donors selection and significant features identified from the genefund are resulted. The possibility of creating complex donors and prospects for their use in selection of stone fruit are considered.
The results of the study variety-rootstocks combinations varieties of plum Russian (Rrunus rossica Erem) and cherry plum with a clonal stock are resulted. The most produc-tive and early appearance of variety-rootstocks combinations such as Globus/ Kuban 86, Kubanskaya kometa/ Kuban 86, Shater/ VVA-1, Globus/ VVA-1, Puteshestvennitcha/ VVA-1 are allo-cated. In the 4-years old trees of these vari-ety-rootstocks combination give a yield of 10-28 tons / ha.