Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Alehina Elena
Articles in journal: (total 23)
Results of researches selection sweet cherry are presented in article. Laws of inheritance of a sign large-fruited and integumentary colouring of fruits are established. Donors and carriers of the basic economic-valuable signs are revealed. Using donors and carriers of valuable signs, applying modern methods of selection at institute a series of new grades of a sweet cherry of intensive gardens meeting modern requirements is created and allowing to create the conveyor of high-quality fruits: early term of maturing: Kavkazskaya, Kavkazskaya uluchshennaya, Sashenka, Utro Kubani; an average: Uzhnaya, Barhatnaya, Solnishko, Rubinovaya Kubani, Dar Izobilia, Demetra; the late: Mak, Alaya.
The industrial sweet cherry assortment is the most extensive compared to other stone fruit crops cultivated in the Krasnodar Territory. The problems of new technological varieties creating with high adaptive potential and quality of fruits are becoming particularly relevant now. One of the main problems of breeding is the evaluation of the initial material and the selection of the best parental forms sources and donors of economically valuable traits for use in crossing. This is inextricably linked with the creation and release of a qualitatively new initial material based on the results of scientific research. Studies were conducted under the conditions of the Prikuban gardening zone (Krasnodar). Objects of study sweet cher-ry varieties of ecological and geographical origin, as well as new varieties and hybrids of NCFSCHVW breeding. Scientific studies are made on the basis of generally accepted methods. The article assesses the hybrid sweet cherry posterity according to the nature of the inheritance of economically valuable traits, and proves the possibility of breeding for a high level of individual traits, based on the possibility of combining them in a single organism. The selected forms of sweet cherry of various ripening periods, with high yield capacity, combining large and above-average fruit size with high quality, are selected. Their brief characteristics is given. The patterns of inheritance of valuable traits are revealed, the use of which will allow to increase in the effectiveness in creating the new varieties. To obtain the highly productive varieties of sweet cherry that are resistant to the main stressors, with fruits of high tasty and commodity qualities, it is recommended to involve in the breeding of new promising varieties of Alaya, Mak, Volshebnitsa, Krupnoplodnaya, Vasilisa, Talisman, Donetskiy Ugoliok, Anons, as well as the varieties steadily fruitful and well prov-en in the conditions of the Krasnodar Terri-tory Francis, Kavkazskaya, Franzuskaya Chiornaya and others.
The donors and sources of valuable traits that are recommended for breeding programs to improve varieties and perspective plum, cherry and sweet cherry varieties for industrial production in the south of Russia conditions are allocated