Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The work purpose is studying of varietal diversity of pear of early and late ripening, grown up under the conditions of Kuban; the research of biochemical composition of fruits and allocation of sources of raised content of biologically active substances. In research there were 20 grades of a pear varieties of various ripening from different places of growth, to reveal the influence of cultivation conditions on commodity qualities of fruits. The best zoned varieties are taken as a control. The assessment of fruits quality according to the content of soluble solids, sugars, titrable acids, vitamins and P-active substances was carried out according to "Methodical instructions for definition of chemical substances for an assessment of a crop quality of vegetable and fruit cultures". The varietal differences of content of soluble solids, sugars (including glucose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (citric, malic), vitamin C, polyphenols, pectin substances are established. The fractional composition of fruits of some pears varieties of early maturing showed that it consists generally of monosugars; the share of fructose are more than 60% that causes dietary properties of fruits. Acidity of pears doesnt exceed 0,40% (the Talgarskaya Krasavitsa). The malic, succinic and citric acids are found in their structure. Vitamin C accumulation varied on the average from 5,3 to 10,4 mg/100g. Pear varieties of Velesa, Skromnitsa, Bere Krasnokytskaya, Krasulya, Melitopolyskaya are allocated as a result. These varieties differ of high commodity qualities and high content of nutritious and biologically active substances.