Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The work purpose is the development of ways of irrigation and care of garden row-spaces that will provide the safety of fruit plantings in the area of insufficient moistening of Stavropol Region, their high efficiency and quality of fruits, the economy of energy expenditure and technological effectiveness, the increase of soil fertility and its biological activity. The objects of researches are the Liberti apple-tree plantings of autumn and winter terms of maturing on of M 4 rootstock, at the scheme of placement of trees is 5�2,5 m. The garden became to bear fruits in 2005 (12,3 t/hectare of harvest). Work is carried out using "The program and a technique of varieties study of fruit, berry and nut cultures". The various ways of a drop irrigation are compared. The analysis of influence of these ways on growth and formation of root system of an apple-tree shows the more powerful (by 2,8 times) development of roots in the matter an intra soil drop irrigation. It allows plants to use the moisture and the nutrients in the bigger soil volume. The potential opportunities of apple-trees to resist the adverse weather factors are increasing. The plants are forming a bigger harvest. In 2013 (3-5 years of vegetation) in the plantings more than 6 thousand tons of fruits 8-50 t/hectare are received in dependence on trees age and variety-rootstock combination. It is established in experiment that the combined drop irrigation is the most economically favorable as it provides an increase of harvest at the corresponding care of a garden, that is paying back all expenses for the device of a drop irrigation in the first or second year of garden fructification. On the basis of results of the conducted research the recommendations to industry are developed and the sequence of measures in the apple-tree plantings is defined.