Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The purpose of work is allocation of the fruits of plum varieties most valuable on quality for their use in breeding work on creation of new form of varieties, possessing the high technological and flavoring qualities. The results of studying of biochemical composition of plum fruits of various varieties with use of well known methods of research are presented in the article. Influence of the content of sugars, acids, sugar-acid index, ascorbic acid and P-active agents on taste quality of plum fruits is shown. Depending on variety and also cultivation�s conditions the plum fruits contain 10-20% of sugars, 0,4-2,0% of acids, 10-20% of solids, 0,3-2,5 mg / 100g of pectin substances, 15-20 mg / 100g of vitamin C, to 80-100 mg / 100g of P-active agents, to 400 mg / 100g of anthocyanins. On the basis of complex of technical and biochemical evaluations of fruits quality, the most valuable nutritionally and technologically plum varieties were allocated: Chachakskaya improved, Chachakskaya late, Stanley, Milena, Krasnodarskaya, Valevka, Podruga, Krasotka, Gertsog. These forms of varieties have the large size of fruits, the high tasting estimates and they contain the high amount of sugars, acids, vitamins and they differ by optimum sugar-acid index. These varieties are recommended for expansion of existing industrial assortment of plum domestic in the Krasnodar Region and for use in the breeding work.

Annotation

The results of research of complex �Polimiks-Agro� fertilizer use in the Stanley plums plantings in the Krasnodar Region are presented in the article. It is established that not root processing of trees by studied preparation promoted the increase of buds/fruits quantity on an one inflorescence of plums plants in comparison with control variant without treatment. Use the "Polimiks-Agro" preparation in the phase "fruit formation" have impact on rationing of ovary/buds/fruits on plums plant. The increase of trees productivity of Stenley variety in all variants of experience with processing by "Polimiks-Agro" preparation is noted. The greatest increase of plants productivity is revealed in option No. 8 � 21,3 (+6,5) t/hectare and in option No. 5 � 20,8 (+6,0) t/hectare, the productivity of control is 14,8 t/hectare. The greatest average mass of plums fruits is received on variant of experience No. 4 with processing by complex fertilizer in the phase " fruit formation" � 37,4 g and No. 6 with processing of plants in the phase "blossoming beginning" + "fruit formation " � 37,5 g, that is caused by smaller loading of fruits of plums plants in these variants of experience. The results of the carried out biochemical analysis showed that the "Polimiks-Agro" preparation didnt render the essential influence on dynamics of accumulation of sugars, acids and ascorbic acid in the fruits of Stanley plum.

Annotation

The article presents the results of the evaluation of field resistance of plum varieties of domestic and foreign breeding for dominant diseases � clasterosporium and monilia under the conditions of the Prikubansky zone of fruit growing of Krasnodar territory. The main objective of the research was the evaluation of plum resistance of varieties different ecological and geographical origin and selection of highly resistant and resistant to the main diseases varieties, depending on the current years environmental conditions and variety biological features, as well as determination of dependence of yield formation on the degree of the disease. It is established that the degree of manifestation of clasterosporium and monilia depends on weather conditions (air temperature, precipitation) and biological characteristics of the varieties. Noted that the main organs of destruction are the inflorescences and foliage of plants. It is shown that the strong defeat of plum inflorescences by monilia significantly reduced the number of forming fruits, leading to a significant reduction of yield. Lesion of plum trees foliage by clasterosporium did not influence significantly the decline in harvest of current year, however, led to the premature defoliation, deterioration of trees adversely affected the fruit quality and the formation of fruit buds of next year's yield. On the background of the epidemics of clasterosporium and monilia the plum varieties of domestic breeding are selected with complex resistance to both diseases � Milena, Podruga, Charodeyka and Niva, of the varieties of foreign selection � Cacharskaya, Cacharskaya Pozdnia, Sten-ley, Empress and Grossa di Felicio, with these varieties can be expanded the adaptive zoned assortment and to lay the intense plum planting in the South of Russia.

Annotation

Basic principles of selection of plum varieties for adaptive technologies of cultivation and breeding use are presented in the article

Annotation

Genetic collections of fruit crops are the basis for the breeding work: the creation of new varieties, the selection and retention of donors and sources of valuable genetic traits, the enhancing of regional industrial assortment by new varieties of domestic breeding. There is a collection of stone fruit crops with 331 varieties, as well as more than 2300 hybrids, on the base of the of North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. In this article the role of genetic collections of stone fruit crops in the creation of new generation of varieties with specified valuable and productive properties is noted. The important role of genetic collection for forming of modern regional assortment of fruit crops for creating of industrial orchards under conditions of Southern Russia is shown. During research process the donors and sources of commercially valuable and breeding important traits for different stone fruit crops are selected in the work. The selected donors and sources are recommended for use in the different breeding programs and they reduce the stages of variety creating to a great extent. As a result of long-term research 15 varieties of sweet cherry, cherry, and plum of N�RRIH&V breeding were passed into the State Register of breeding achievement. 29 varieties of these crops were passed in the State variety's study. 4 patents for sweet cherry varieties and 1 patent for cherry variety and 3 patents for plum varieties took out. The new varieties selected by research increase zoned and perspective assortment of stone fruit crops of domestic breeding and allow to create the adaptive and steady fruit-bearing planting of stone fruit crops under the conditions of Krasnodar Region.