Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The basis of the modern system of protection of the pear plantations is the development of scientifically based schemes of application of highly effective preparations. Now the assortment of preparations alowed for application in pear plantings, does not provide the effective plants protection against pear sucker, therefore it is necessary to develop the effective schemes of preparations combination. It is noted that the use of tank mixtures you can slow down the adaptation of harmful organisms to applied preparations and reduce the pesticides load on the cultivated orchards area. In our experiments for protection of the pear plants the Dimilin, Aktara, Vertimek and tank mixtures of Dimilin with Aktara and Vertimek were used. In the carried out research the dependence of development studies of pear sucker from weather conditions is established. Over the years of research, the number of harmful individuals in the control version of Avgustovskaya Rosa pear was 15.9; 41.0; 49.3; and their number of Pamiati Yakovleva was 11.5; 74.5 and 30.7 on a branch it different years. It is shown that the individual application of insecticides and their use in the tank mixtures reduce the number of pear sucker pear wood. Biological efficiency of preparations in the experimental options depends from the number of the pest and used preparation. The most effective preparations of different mechanism of action for application in the pear orchards at different number of the pest are established. The most biological efficiency of preparations against pear wood pear sucker for pears plants both studied varieties is noted in case of use of tank mixture of dimilin + aktara (biological efficiency reaches 99,1 %).

Annotation

The basis for profitable fruit growing is the variety, is biological characteristics define the nature of the growth, fruiting and productivity of horticultural crops, dictate the requirements for the application of various technologies. One of the main pests of pear is a pear psylla (Psylla pyri L.), which in large numbers, can cause the death of pear plantations. The range of products currently authorized for use in pear orchards, does not provide the effective protection against pest. In the context of growing seasons 2010-2012 on plants varieties Osennyaya Yakovleva in the fight against the proliferation of mass pear psylla the drugs were used: Dimilin (1 kg / ha) - an insecticide belonging to the group of regulators of growth and development of insects; Aktara (0.2 kg / ha) - insecticide of enteric-contact action; Vertimek (0.75 l / ha) - insectoacaricide of enteric-contact action; Decis Profi (0.06 kg / ha) - insecticide of enteric-contact action; B-58 New (1.5 l / ha) - a system-contact insectoacaricide; Calypso (0.4 l / ha) - a contact-intestinal insecticide with systemic action. Effective application of insecticides against the pest is provided only with taking into account the biology of the pest development. Thus, the monitoring of weather conditions and analysis of the development of pear psylla during the growing season helped to reduce the pesticide load in the plantations of fruit bearing pear and increase profitability pear fruit. According the weather conditions and the degree of development of the pest, the used preparations showed different efficacy. The weather conditions in 2010 and 2012 helped the highest prevalence and development of pear sucker (the optimum temperature and humidity, low rainfall); the frequent and abundant precipitation in 2011. The most and long biological efficiency (85-98%) in the fight against pear psylla (14 days), regardless of the weather conditions, was in the variants "Aktara" and tank-mix "Dimilin + Aktara", the smallest efficiency - "Dimilin","Decis profi", "Bi-58 New," "Calypso". The high biological efficiency of preparation of Dimilin, Aktara and Vertimek is achieved monofactorial, at their use for a low number of pear psylla.