Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Lapshin Vadim
Articles in journal: (total 13)
The aim of the research is to assess the collection material of strawberry for use in breeding and in industrial production. The results of evaluation of varieties from strawberry collection on complex of properties are presented in the article. Collection of strawberry consists of 139 accessions of different ecological and geographical origin. The generally accepted in Russian Federation techniques as well as the Programme of the North Caucasian Centre for breeding fruit, berry, flower-decorative crops and grapes for the period up to 2030 are used in the work. The research have shown that 23 strawberry samples from the collection are the early ripening, 106 varieties medium term and 10 varieties are late ripening. On the type of fruiting the varieties are divided into two groups: fruiting once (99 varieties) and neutral-day (40 varieties). From 40 neutral-day varieties, 33 varieties with white flowers and 7 varieties with rose flowers. The collection is stored 39 donors of economically valuable signs. To carry out a breeding program for strawberry in the process of hybridization was included 22 varieties from the collection. As a donor, showed the highest genetic quality, was the Marmolada. In the period 2015-2016, the collection was filled with 4 varieties: Aliani, Malling Opal, Vivaldi, Evis Delight. The distribution of the varieties for agronomic characteristics (yield, large-fruited, density of berries) is presented. The varieties with high fruitage, large fruit size and high density of berries are selected. On the complex of the best indicators of the studied signs the commercial perspective have the new varieties of collection Tahira, Kemya, Vima Tarda, Galia. It is noted the necessity of introduction and studying of new strawberry cultivars for the improvement of the zonal assortment
The inheritance of the neutral day type of fruiting in garden strawberry varieties was studied by genetic analysis of the crosses results between short day and neutral day varieties. In the spring-autumn period, in each hybrid combination, an individual registration of seedlings was carried out for the reveal the splitting according to the studied trait into neutral day forms and single fruiting short day plants. The aim of this work is to determine the type of the genes interaction that determine the neutral day fruiting of strawberry in a number of hybrid combinations. For research, the programs and methods generally accepted in Russia were used. With considering of the frequency of splitting in hybrid f amilies, genetic analysis of the inheritance
For successful breeding work on the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to improve fruit quality is particular importance to know the genetic features of signs variability of parental varieties studied and their hy-brid prosperity. The traditional criterion for the quantitative evaluation of the varieties genetic potential is the heritability coefficient in a wide H2 and narrow h2 mention. The purpose of our research is to assess the contributions of additive and non-additive genetic interactions to identify the promising parental forms and hybrid strawberry combinations on the signs of fruit quality. The paper presents the results of the evaluation of strawberry 8 varieties and 18 hybrid numbers on the signs of fruit quality, including the average fruit weight, firmness of fruit and sugar content for the selection of promising forms taking into account the studied characteristics. The program and the methodic generally accepted in Russia was using in the work. Research have shown that for the studied strawberry varieties in the most hybrid selections with their participation in implementation of traits as an average fruit weight, fruit firmness and sugar content (Brix %) predominates the non-additive effects of genetic interactions, which show the effectiveness of selection in some cross combinations. A significant additive effect of genes determined the possibility of donor potential, is noted on the average fruit weight n the Florence variety, and on the sugar content in the Onda, Nelli and Marmolada varieties. The modifying influence of the ecological conditions of growing environment on the fruit firmness of strawberry is clearly expressed in hybrid selections with the participation of the Onda and Molling Pandora varieties, and on the sugar content with the participation of Belrubi variety.
In the North Caucasus Region the currant red was not widespread in the industry. One of the reasons is lack of varieties with high productivity and commodity quality of berries. The article presents the results of two-year evaluation of 20 red currant's varieties from collection of North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture that have the different ecological and geographical nature. The traits that characterize the commercial quality of berries are researched. It is researched the bunch length, the number of berries per bunch and the average weight of berries. The purpose of research is to identify the red currant varieties, having the high commodity properties of berries cultivated under conditions of Krasnodar Region. The well known in the Russian Federation method of study of fruits, berries and walnut cultures is used in the article. Conducted studies have shown that Detvan, Tatran, Podarok Leta, Dar Orla, Ogonyok varieties have the long bunch (10,1-12,0 cm). The largest number of berries per bunch have Podarok Leta, Ogonyok varieties (more than 20 berries). Large size of berries (0,66-0,85 g) have Detvan, Tatran, Asya, Gollandskaya Rozovaya. Conducted clustering on discounted biometrical traits allows to combine the studied varieties of red current's in the groups with the highest and lowest values of traits. As a result the conclusion is made that the good prospects to industrial and amateur gardening of Krasnodar Region have red currat's varieties of Tatran, Detvan, Asya, Podarok Leta, Ogonyok, Dar Orla. These varieties most closely corresponded to requirements of the market commodity quality of currant red berries.
Results of an estimation of 20 hybrid fami-lies of strawberry on number of berries per bush and average weight of berries are pre-sented in work. Perspective combinations of crossing and perfect forms to the considered signs are revealed.