Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The purpose of the carried out research was a study of a current state of an akarofauna of herbivorous types in the agric cenosis of industrial vineyards of the Crimea (specific composition, structure of domination) taking into account the modern meteo conditions, and also the carrying out of the comparative analysis with the existing data for the previous decades. The research carried out in 2006-2014 during vegetation (from April to October) at industrial vineyards on Cabernet Sauvignon, Muscat white, Aligote and other grapes varieties. Data are presented in the article that for the last 14 years on the Southern coast of the Crimea the average annual air temperature, in comparison with the last decade, increased in 1,1 �C. It assumes possible the structural changes in a complex of herbivorous pincers and appearance of the new dominant types. It is shown that at industrial vineyards of the Crimea a garden web tick of Schizotetranychuspruni Oud. (Tetranychidae) is widely widespread phytophage since the end of the 90th years of last century. By results of the research conducted from 2006 to 2014 in industrial vineyards of the Southern coast of the Crimea and the South-Eastern Crimea, it is noted the appearance of new species of ticks which quickly became dominating in a akarocomplex as a result of change of meteo conditions of vegetation season. In a final part of article it is noted that the main strategy in the protection of plants, and in particular a basis for formulation of schemes of protective measures in the industrial vineyards, should be a phytosanitary monitoring of concrete agric cenosis. It is especially important under the conditions of extreme changes of meteorological indicators and potential appearance of new dominant pests.

Annotation

The work presents the study results of the effect of microbiological fertilizer EcoRic (Bacillus subtilis subsp. Subtilis, strain BR-1256 - 1-10x9CFU / cm3 ) on the wine grape variety of �Bastardo Magarachskiy� in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea. The objectives of the research included determining the effect of the studied fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of grapes. Crop formation and ripening took place under the hot and dry summer conditions. It was found that double foliar treatment with microbiological EcoRic fertilizer in the application rate of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 l / ha during the period of active growth of shoots (the inflorescence emerge (according to the BBCH-scale53)) and at the beginning of grape flowering (�the inflorescences fully developed, flowers separating"(according to the BBCH-scale57) � "first flower hoods are detached from the receptacle"(according to the BBCHscale 60) had a proper positive effect on increasing in the cropping capacity of grapes per 1 ha: with the rate of application of 2.0 l / ha � by 0.93 t / ha (9.1 %); 3.0 l / ha � by 1.62 t / ha (15.9 %); 4.0 l / ha � by 2.43 t / ha (23.8 %). Double foliar application of the studied fertilizer also contributed to an increase in the average bunch weight by 10.0-24.3 %, an increase in the yield per one record bush by 0.42-1.01 kg (9.1-22.0 %), the leaf surface area of the bush (m2 ) � by 16.3-37.2 %, the average shoot length � by 16.8-22.3 %. The yield collected from variants with foliar application of microbiological EcoRic fertilizer, in terms of quality indicators, was higher than that collected from the control: in that number by mass concentration of sugars in a berry juice � by 10.0-22.3 (4.7-10.5 %) g / dm3.

Annotation

The actuality of problem of organic production in the Crimea has been studied based on the results of sociological interrogation conducted using questionnaire method and the current situation with wine consumption in Russia was analyzed, based on available analytical data. The questionnaire comprised the questions on ecological awareness of the population and organic products consumption. It is established that the majority of respondents demonstrated awareness on organic agriculture (69 %) and on the negative impact of pesticides on human health (87 %), which attests to high ecological awareness of the Crimea population, as a whole. Note was made on the high readiness of the Crimeans to buy organic agricultural production grown without pesticides and other agrochemicals, even if it is higher in price. The most acceptable for the Crimeans price adjustment for organic production was established at the rate of 20 %, as compared to non-organic products. A high level of mistrust was revealed for such markings as �eco�, �organic�, �bio�, etc. on the labels, as well as negative correlation between the trust level to labels and ecological awareness of the population as related to the negative impact of pesticides on health (r = �0,19). As a result of questionnaire analysis it is established low level of grape wine consumption among the medium-income population of Crimea (the majority of respondents buy wine once a month at most, if at all), and a high frequency of fresh fruit purchase (81 % of respondents buy fruit once per week or more often). The need to produce the own organic food products in Crimea to increase its touristic attractiveness was noted. The basic products that are the trademark of Crimea, according to the respondents, are grapes, wine and figs.