Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The selective breeding process is labor-consuming and expensive; therefore the breeding companies around the world try to introduce more progressive and economic technologies of varieties creating with new qualities and to protect the scientific achievements, which provide the competitiveness of the grown-up commodity products. The problems of increase in efficiency of breeding works with their simultaneous decreasing in cost and protection of breeding achievements and adequate assessment of work of the plant-breeders are extremely important also for our coun-try, but the system of laws and established practices don't conform to the specified requirements.There are some practices connected with acceleration of breeding process at All-Russian research institute of wine growing and winemaking (Novocherkassk). The methods are developed and checked in practice allow the plant-breeders to reduce by two years the period from receiving a seedling until transfer of the candidate for variety to the State variety testing. In the submitted article the experience of creation of new grapes varieties by method of trans-species hybridization is described. The imperfection of system of the State variety testing and licensing of new varieties and practice of protection of breeding achievements is shown. It is noted that the developed system of introduction of new plants varieties exerts the negative impact on all participants of process, without bringing notable benefit to anybody. Therefore in the Russian Federation about 90% of all saplings of fruit and berry crops realized to gardeners in the markets without certificates. The suggestions for improvement of system of State variety testing and protection of the rights of plant-breeders which will allow you to accelerate the inclusion of new varieties in the State register of the breeding achievements permitted to use in the Russian Federation are presented in the conclusion of this article.