Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of the survey area adjacent to the Veselovsky reservoir. This is an interesting and very complex area, which the previously vineyard science has not paid of proper attention because it is outside the places of traditional viticulture. The territory is viewed with the route passages, studied and analyzed its space photographes. We studied in detail the key plot, research in which was performed in accordance with existing recommendations for assessing the suitability of soils for vineyards. We analyzed the climate, history of the region formation, geomorphology and we assessed the quality of the water in the Veselovsky reservoir and Sadkovskiy canal as a possible source of irrigation. On the various elements of the microrelief the wells are drilled, the soil profiles are laid down and described, the chemical analyzes of soil samples are carried out. Particular attention is paid to salinization and alkalinization of soils as the factors which are associated with major risks when we are assessing the suitability of soils for vineyards. Construction of the reservoir changed the reclamation situation. The most saline areas were flooded. In today's shores the groundwater level has risen, the processes of prairiefication, alinization and alkalinity soils are started. At present, the territory above the average water level in the reservoir which less than 4.0 meters are not suitable for laying of vineyards. The areas are suitable for vineyards located higher. The water quality in the bay Balka Bolshaya Sadkovka for vineyard irrigation purposes is estimated as satisfactory. The mineralization of water in the Sadkovskiy canal is two times lower than that of water in the bay. The use of this water for irrigation of vineyards is preferable.

Annotation

The purpose of this research is to study the edaphic conditions of one of the viticultural zones of the Rostov Region � "Donetsk-Kundryuchenskiy sandy massiv" and substantiate the allocation of terroirs on it. Research on the differentiation of viticultural zones, the allocation of terroirs and the study of their environmental conditions create the basis for the entry of our country into the already existing developed European system for the formation of wine names by place of origin and the reflection of their quality in the name of wines. The research was carried out using the key plot method. As a key plot selected vineyards Nizhnekundryuchenskiy Department of All-Russia Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya. I. Potapenko. Sandy lands have a significant variety and a plenty of original properties, both positive and negative. The grape plant, due to its high plasticity, grows well on sandy lands, and in an own-root culture. Experience of viticulture on the sands shows that it is successful only when taking into account the characteristics of sandy land. The article presents the results of a study of the geological, hydrogeological and soil conditions of the first terrace of the Seversky Donets, where the vineyards are located. About one and a half hundred elementary soil areas were examined. All their diversity was reduced to five types of soil conditions. The main criterion f or grouping was the reaction of grape plants. Strong differences in conditions on different plots are the basis for assigning them to different terroirs. In viticulture, the concept of terroirs closely resonates the concept of precision farming. The differences in growing conditions require adjustment of elements of grape growing technology at all stages of the production process. Four selected terroirs on the autochthonous variety Sibirkovy have experience in studying the influence of growing conditions on the quality of wine. The article also shows the methodological approaches and experience in zoning of viticultural lands abroad and in other regions of Russia.

Annotation

The planting of basic mother grape plantations is usually carried out on sandy massifs, which have a number of specific properties, both positive and negative. One of these properties is the heterogeneity of the soil cover. First of all, this is due to the fact that sands are subject to deflation to a greater extent than fixed soils. The soil horizon can be partially or completely destroyed, carried by the wind and deposited on top of other soils. Thus, a new soil cover is formed, but with other factors of soil formation. In this regard, when transferring healthy seedlings to the open ground, plants often die. To avoid this, the laying of elite mother plantations on the lands of sandy massifs must be carried out taking into account the characteristics of these lands, including taking into account soil heterogeneity. The soil cover was typified on the Nizhnekundryuchensk basic mother grape plantations, as a result of which all the diversity of soil conditions was reduced to 5 types (microzones). The purpose of our study is to determine the influence of soil and ground conditions on the growth and development of grape plants, as well as to substantiate the feasibility of using fertilizers. Observations were carried out from 2004 to 2022 on 5 grape varieties from different ecological and geographical groups. As a result, it was found that the development of basic plants strongly depends on the type of soil conditions, while the dynamics of bush preservation indicators after several years of growth was noted. At the first and second types, plant development was the best, quantitative and qualitative parameters of the harvested vine parameters were optimal. The use of fertilizers on the third type of soil and ground conditions allows to obtain a vine in quality not inferior to the vine obtained from the first type of conditions.

Annotation

The article discusses techniques for improving the properties of a nutrient substrate used for planting healthy in vitro grape plants. The research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of biotechnology ARRIV&W � branch of FSBSI FRARC on an interspecific hybrid Krasnostop Carpi. The purpuse of the study is to improve the ways of adapting healthy in vitro plants to non�sterile conditions. With microclonal reproduction of grapes, death most often occurs when transferring test tube plants to non-sterile conditions. The selection of the composition of the soil substrate and the improvement of its water-physical and biological properties helps to reduce the risk of plant death. In our studies, peat, garden soil and river sand (1:1:1) were used as part of the substrate, to which �Aquasin hydrogel� and �Trichoderma Veride� endomycorrhizal preparation containing mycelium and spores of Trichoderma viride fungi, strain 471, were added. The plants were planted in a 500 ml container, had been adapted to non-sterile conditions and had been grown for 90 days on racks of accelerated plant cultivation (RAPC). In the process, the indicators of the preservation of initial plants, their growth, development and spread of the root system were noted. As a result, it can be concluded that the combined use of hydrogel and mycorrhiza ensures the best survival and preservation of plants of the Krasnostop Carpi variety. The mycorrhizal preparation promotes better development of the leaf surface, and the addition of hydrogel ensures better development of the root system, which will provide plants with better survival in open ground conditions of the basic mother plantation.