Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The aim of this work was to study the effect of prospective in viticulture growth regulators on some morpho-anatomical and biochemical characteristics of grape berries to establish the prospects of their use for improving of transportability and keeping quality of grape products in case of prolonged storage. The novelty of our research is the fact that for the first time given a comprehensive assessment of the influence of growth regulators with different mechanisms of action on the stability of the grapes during transportation and storage is given and the mechanisms to improve the transportability and the keeping quality of grapes production under influence of the tested growth reg-ulators are identified. This article presents the results of studying of promising plant growth regulators influence the anatomical, morphological and biochemical parameters of berries of late ripening grapes varieties, cultivated in the soil-climatic conditions of Daghestan. Research work was carried out at the production-experimental base of Dagestan experimental breeding station of viticulture and horticulture (Derbent). It is revealed the increase of the mechanical firm of the berries, the thickness of the skin and its share in the composition of the berries, the reducing of the respiration rate and mass loss of the berries after harvesting and during storage of grapes. The mechanical properties of berries are improved by treatment with gibberellin and by a mixture dropp and mival. The combined use of gibberellin with dropp and mival enhances the effect of drugs and makes it the most effective. The results of our research showed that the application of growth regulators on seed table grapes to improve the mechanical properties of the berries and bunches are very promising. Studied in the experiment preparations are proposed to be included in the technologies of table grapes production, intended for transportation and prolonged storage.

Annotation

The purpose of these study is the development of regulations for the use of plant growth regulators to accelerate ripening and improve the quality of grape varieties of Dagestan breeding. The object of research is the perspective grapes seed varieties of breeding of Dagestan Selection Testing Station of Viticulture and Horticulture. Long-term research (1985-1999) on the influence of various physiologically active substances the development of generative organs of seed grapes varieties made it possible to develop the elements of technology for their use to produce seedless grape berries, and to accelerate the ripening and increase in the sugar accumulation in the berries. Some elements of the technology were tested in the production conditions of Dagestan. In this article, the results of research on the practical application of growth regulators on promising grapes seed varieties of DSTSV&H are presented. The mechanism of growth regulators action on the ripening of berries and sugar accumulation is presented. It is substantiated the promising, expediency and practical significance of the use of growth regulators to obtain the seedless production of seed varieties for example of classical and new varieties, that allow to obtain a crop with a higher sugar content at earlier periods. The study of practical application of growth regulators for promising seed grapes varieties of DSTSV&H breeding in the field conditions have been revealed their positive effect on bunch mass, which increased significantly in some varieties. Based on the results of carried out research, it was conjectured that varieties having in the genealogy the Agadai grapes in the maternal form are more promising for obtaining the high-quality seedless products with high commercial and economic value.

Annotation

In the article are presented the botanical, agrobiological and economic-technological characteristics of a new table grape variety with the working Name Pamyati Peytel (G-7-26-258), in the ecological conditions of Southern Daghestan. The hybrid form G-7-26-258 obtained by crossing the varieties Nimrang x Agadai, belongs to the group of varieties of the middle-late ripening period. The duration of the growing season is 140 days with the sum of active temperatures 2980 º�. Bushes of great growth, annual shoots ripen by 90-95 %. The cluuster is large, cylindrical, of medium density and dense. The berry is large, flattened, slightly lobated, light yellowish. The skin is of medium strength. The pulp is dense, thick-walled. The taste is harmonious, pleasant, refreshing. The seeds in the berry are two or four, more often one or three. The yield is 13-15 kg per bush. The sugar content of the juice is 161 g/dm3 , the titratable acidity is 5.9 g/dm3 . The transportability is high. Resistance to fungal diseases and pests in comparison with other tablezoned varieties is high. The variety shows tolerance to the root phylloxera, reaching a yield of more than 10 kg per bush in its own rooted culture at the age of more than 20 years against the background of overall phylloxera infestation. Winter hardiness is high, and frost resistance is sufficient for the open-earth zone of the coastal areas of the Republic of Daghestan � in 2012 at -17.8 º� the death of eyes was 33.2 %. The yield of the hybrid form of grapes G-7-26-258 is recommended for fresh consumption, export and storage. The introduction of the variety into production will contribute to the expansion of the assortment and conveyor of the Republic of Daghestan table grapes.