Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Urchenko Eugenia
Articles in journal: (total 24)
The paper presents the results of studies of trophic relationships of Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. (Lepidoptera, Torticidae) in the parasitoid - insect-host system in ampelocenoses. For the first time for the Anapa-Taman viticulture zone of the Krasnodar region, the species Bassus tumidulus (Nees, 1812) (Microdus tumidulus (Nees von Esenbeck, 1812), Therophilus tumidulus (Nees von Esenbeck, 1812) was established as a mass natural enemy of the European grape moth in the conditions of industrial plantings of grapes. During the observation period (2021-2023), this type of parasitoid was the most common in terms of the number of infected specimens of L. botrana, its frequency of occurrence exceeded that of other parasitoids recorded in these studies by 2.7 times. There is a lack of knowledge of the parasitoid fauna in the consortia formed around the European grape moth in ampelocenoses. Knowledge of trophic relationships of the main economically significant pest of the vineyards of the Anapa-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region as a mechanism for regulating its abundance can help in the development of effective biologized protection measures in the fight against it. According to the results of extirpation, the seasonal dynamics of the flight of the adult parasitoid was revealed and compared with the life cycle of the harmful lepidopteran host. A complete adaptation of Bassus tumidulus to the target phases of the development of the European grape moth has been established. The conclusion is made about the specialization of the polyphage to this pest in the region. The characteristic features of Bassus tumidulus population dynamics were revealed, namely, an increase in the density of the hymenoptera population in ampelocenosis by the end of the growing season. The data of the biology of Bassus tumidulus, given in the literature, have been confirmed.
Data on changes in the qualitative and quantitative content of metal cations in the dry red wines under the influence of fungal and bacterial microbiofungicides applied in the systems of protection from mildew are presented. The positive influence of biologized protect on the quality of dry red wines is noted
Data on efficiency of application of foliar fertilizing of potassium and silicon helats in the technologies of grapes cultivation are advanced. The increasing of the average weight of grapes and sugar content are observed. The activating effect on the stability of grapes to grey rot is revealed.
Change of the structure of affected bacterial cancer vineyards and increase its harmfulness in ampelocenosis of the Western Ciscaucasia is marked. The climatic conditions in the region and increase the vector activity of winged forms of sucking pests are called as factors contributing to the spread and harmfulness of bacterial cancer. As additional methods of reduction the harmfulness of the disease is proposed to use biobactericide Fitolavin 300, a complex of predators and bioinsecticides in the vector control
The damage of grapes wood organs by mycoses in various degree cause the deterioration in the general phytosanitary condition of vineyards up to irreversible. The systematic research on studying of this group of grapes diseases in the conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia weren't conducted throughout the entire period of crop cultivation. In this regard there was a need of deeper studying of the infection complex associated with weakening of productional potential of modern vineyards of the West Ciscaucasian region. The aim of our work was clarification of the reasons of defeat of grapes wood parts, the identification and the analysis of mycoflora of tracheomycoses patocomplexes. The grapes plants with various signs of growth weakening up to drying and microflora of the damaged wood parts were the objects of our research. The phytosanitary monitoring about 2,5 thousand hectares of grapes orchards has been carried out. It is shown that the development of the tracheomycoses complexes was preceded by strong stressful impact on grapes plants of abnormal weather conditions of 2014-2015. As a result, the conducting system of grapes plants has been broken and there the fungeus patoflora began to develop later. The weakening of a sap flow due to vessel stopping up has led to decrease in metabolism of grapes bushes in general. Extent of decrease in activity of metabolic processes in the plants depended on extent of stress influence and extent of mycopatoflora's develop-ment. The withering and the drying of grapevine organs (leaves, bunches, shoots) were the external manifestation of the revealed nonspecific tracheomycosises which have developed after winter and spring frosting of organs and they intensified after a summer drought. We made a conclusion that the monitoring at a stage of nurseries should be carried out not only on specific tracheomycoses infections, but also on nonspecific infections and it demands a special attention.