Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The intensity and peculiarity of the rose aroma depends largely on the conditions of the plants growth: the characteristics of the soil, agrotechnics, weather conditions, etc. One of the tasks of our study is to find out how the temperature inside the flower is changed during the day, depending on the temperature-humidity regime of the ambient air and how in connection with it the rose aroma is appeared. 17 varieties of roses of different eco-geographical origin from different garden groups were studied. The varieties are differed according to the color of flower petals, the degree of double, the intensity of the aroma phenomenon. The plants are grafted on the R. canina rootstock, age is 4 years. Roses are planted on the collection plot of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The article presents the results of the study of the rose aroma manifestation peculiarities, depending on the temperature and humidity conditions of the ambient air and inside the flower. As a result of the study, the peculiarities of the manifestation of aroma intensity in different rose varieties were revealed during the interaction of the "genotype-environment" system. It is shown that the presence f R. Damascene garden forms in the origin of the genotype promotes the development of a stronger and more stable aroma in the studied rose varieties, which is considered as the one of the adaptive reactions of the species to high temperatures and low moisturity of the environment. A more intense aroma is characteristic for varieties with dark-colored petals, which have a higher temperature inside the flower in the morning. Varieties of roses with double flower type, in comparison with semi-double flowers, retain the aroma during the day for a longer time, which is associated with varietal features and with the formation of the optimum of temperature-humidity regime inside the flower for evaporation of the volatile components of essential oils.