Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The data of long-term study to research the bioecology of the codling moth, miner mothes and garden leafworms under conditions of weather changes in the Krasnodar Territory are presented. The time of occurrence and development dura-tion of individual stages of vermins are determined, the species composition of the Lepidoptera is founded. The most harmful species of phytophages are identified, on which the construction of protection programs is focused, among which the apple codling moth is most common and harmful. For successful protection from the codling moth, it is necessary to establish the time frame or the appearance of vulnerable stages of its development. Depending on weather conditions, the beginning of fly takes place at 42.7-95.9 º�; mass fly � at 58.9-145.9 º�; the beginning of the release of caterpillars from eggs � at 139.4-201.3 º�. Embryonic development in spring takes place in 9-10 days at a temperature of + 15.4 ... + 20.6 º�; in summer � for 5-7 days at a temperature of + 18.6 ... + 30 º�. The development of caterpillars takes 23-25 days at a temperature of + 18.8 ... + 25.9 º� and 13-18 days � at a temperature of + 21.9 ... +30 º�. It has been established that the mass fly of the codling moth butterflies coincides with the period of egg laying by miner moths, the hatching of caterpillars, the onset of pupation of some garden leafworms, and processing of the orchard against the codling moth provides a reduction in the number of these vermins too. The obtained data allow to theoretically calculate the processing time. To destroy the overwintering caterpillars, before leaving them from the wintering grounds and before penetration into a bud, there treatment of plants with chemical synthetic insecticides or preparations of natural origin. After blossoming of apple tree, it is advisable to carry out the processing using the hormone preparations, which are the most effective and environmentally friendly. It was noted that for successful protection from the codling moth, garden leafworm and miner moths it is necessary to establish the phytophagous population density in the autumn and spring; and the forecast of vermin development taking into account the abundance of the remaining part of the population after wintering.