Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of research aimed at creating competitive, highly productive vineyards with stable fruiting and high quality grape-wine products. An approach based on the creation of software based on established relationships and interdependencies in the "soil-plant-climate" system is proposed. The purpose of the research was to develop a decision-making algorithm for the selection of optimal grape varieties for specific edaphoclimatic conditions and a PC for its implementation. The objects of research are grape varieties of various ecological and geographical origin. The source of information about grape varieties was: the All-Russian ampelographic collection (city of Anapa), the collection of ARNRIV&W �Magarach� (Republic of Crimea), the collection of ARRIV&W named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Rostov region), Dagestan collection (city of Derbent). Modern methods of modeling and information technology were used as a methodological basis for research. Competent selection of variety when laying a vineyard is one of the main factors in the formation of competitive plantations. It is necessary to take into account requirements of variety for the temperature regime of the cultivation zone (the sum of active temperatures, minimum temperatures and the frequency of their repetition) when selecting a variety, in the case of grafted planting material, the affinity of the graft-rootstock combination and the characteristics of the rootstock. On the basis of the conducted research, an algorithm for selecting varieties and rootstocks for specific edaphoclimatic characteristics of the area of cultivation of grape plantations has been developed, which will ensure the highly efficient use of the genetic properties of varieties and the edaphoclimatic potential of the cultivation zone. The next stage of research was the direct programming of modules for calculating the selection of varieties according to specified criteria, which will allow creating software (PC) for the decision-making process for choosing the optimal grape varieties for specific edaphoclimatic conditions.

Annotation

In the article is actualized the need of creation an electronic database of the grape gene pool, focused on the characteristics of its ecological potential. A step-by-step development of an electronic database architecture for assessing the ecological potential of grape varieties and documentation of the grape gene pool, including the program interface; a dictionary of data to be stored in the database; data types for each element are presented. The requirements imposed by variety specialists, breeders, agronomists and technologists-winemakers to the electronic database are analyzed, analysis of the main characteristics of grape varieties that should be included in the database are conducted, taking into account the reaction of plants to the specificity of environmental conditions and resistance to abiotic factors, as a result of which 81 parameters, grouped by functional groups, are selected as the characteristics that most fully describe the economically valuable characteristics of grape varieties. The logical structure is constructed and the physical design of the database is carried out. To implement the task of selecting varieties according to the specified criteria, three algorithms are implemented, depending on the type and user requirements for the selected varieties. Due to the increased stressfulness of the environment and the need of focusing on the ecological characteristics of varieties, based on the analysis of empirical data, physiological and biochemical indicators that most fully characterize the resistance of grape varieties to abiotic stresses have been established. Algorithms for assessing genotypes with a focus on weather and climate specifics have been developed. In order to rank the variety forms according to the degree of resistance to dehydration and extreme low and high temperatures, a scale of test varieties (standards) from low to high resistant has been developed. The developed algorithm and related elements allowed to create a conceptual model of the decision-making system for the differentiated assessment of the stress resistance of grape samples and their use in different climatic zones. in different climatic zones.

Annotation

The article reveals the need to develop a computer program for the creation and control of the ampelocenoses production potential. This program is necessary for agricultural producers to make the control decisions on the creation and operation of ampelocenoses in order to ensure the competitiveness of produced products. The creation of united database of grape genetic resources and their quality indicators, manifested in the different soil and climatic conditions of the cultivation zones, will make it possible to quickly select the optimal assortment for all crop cultivation zones taking into account climate change, as well as to create the new highly effective variety forms, which is of significant interest for scientific institutions. The computer program being developed is based on spacious scientific knowledge, including data on varieties, the resource agroecological potential of grape growing regions, based on a systematic approach that provides the greatest degree of realization of the factors totality in the production process that determine the stability of fruiting, productivity and quality of grapes. As a result of the research, a system architecture was developed for the prototype of software methods to manage the integrated stability of grape agroecosystems to ensure maximum feasibility of the biological potential and self-reproduction of ampelocenoses under the conditions of technogenic intensification of production and climate change. The results of studies on the development of a database of economically valuable traits of various ecological and geographical origin grape varieties are presented, including a description of more than 80 traits and resource agroecological potential of grape cultivation areas in more than of 20 parameters, as well as the creation of basic models (laying a new vineyard) and operational models (care system for the existing vineyard) for cultivation technologies.