Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of the study of the influence NV-101 growth stimulator and fertilizers of Gumi-30 super-universal and Siliplant the biometric and physiological indicators of apple saplings. The experiments were based on leached chernozem in 2016-2018. Zoned in the conditions of Central Chernozem Region a scab immune apple variety of Bolotovskoe was grafted on medium rootstock 54-118. The repeatability of experiments is threefold, with 50 plants per repeat. The layout of plants is single-row, the distance between rows is 90 cm, the distance between plants in a row is 20-25 cm. The saplings were treated with a knapsack sprayer according to the scheme of experiments 4 times per season with an interval of two weeks, starting from the third decade of May. The final purpose of the research carried out was to increase in the production of high-quality apple planting material based on the use of environmentally friendly preparations. It is shown that the use of the NV-101 growth stimulator of biological origin promotes an activation of growth processes, resulting in the increase in the foliage of apple saplings, chlorophyll content in the leaves, plant transpiration intensity, the root development, the yield of standard saplings. It was found that the complex treatment of apple saplings with HB-101 the growth stimulator in combination with fertilizers of Gumi 30 super universal and Siliplant significantly improves all the studied indicators compared to the control without treatment and with the version where only the growth stimulator of HB-101 was used. There were no statistically proven differences in the studied parameters in the case of using Gumi 30 super universal and Siliplant fertilizers.

Annotation

It is presents the results of study of the effect of turfing the row spacing of an apple orchard with legumes-cereals grass mixtures on the water penetration of the soil, as well as on the accumulation in the soil of detritus organic substance. The research carried out found that in the row spacing of apple orchards with the sowing of legumes and cereals, the productivity of biomass depended on the ratio of red clover and Timothy meadow. When the ratio of red clover Timothy meadow 1: 1, the mass of dry matter in the soil of row spacing on average for 3 years was 6.52 t/ha. An increase in the cenosis of red clover to 70 % increased in the amount of dry matter for 3 years up to 7.10 t/ha. The most amount of labile organic matter in the form of detritus is formed in the row spacing soil in the variant with clover and Timothy meadow in the ratio of 7:3. On average, over 3 years, the amount of detritus in the row spacing soil was 0.25%, which is almost 2 times higher than its quantity in the control variant. Studies carried out have shown that the composition of herbaceous vegetation used in the drawing of row spacing also affects the water penetration of the soil. The amount of absorbed water with natural turf was minimal and for the first hour of 1089 ml, for the second hour � 961 ml, and the third hour � 578 ml. In case of sowing in the rows spacing of garden the clover-Timothy meadow grass mixture the amount of soil absorbed water was greater. The maximum amount of water was absorbed by soil in the variant with sowing of clover and Timothy grass in the ratio of 7:3.