Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

It is presents the results of study of the effect of turfing the row spacing of an apple orchard with legumes-cereals grass mixtures on the water penetration of the soil, as well as on the accumulation in the soil of detritus organic substance. The research carried out found that in the row spacing of apple orchards with the sowing of legumes and cereals, the productivity of biomass depended on the ratio of red clover and Timothy meadow. When the ratio of red clover Timothy meadow 1: 1, the mass of dry matter in the soil of row spacing on average for 3 years was 6.52 t/ha. An increase in the cenosis of red clover to 70 % increased in the amount of dry matter for 3 years up to 7.10 t/ha. The most amount of labile organic matter in the form of detritus is formed in the row spacing soil in the variant with clover and Timothy meadow in the ratio of 7:3. On average, over 3 years, the amount of detritus in the row spacing soil was 0.25%, which is almost 2 times higher than its quantity in the control variant. Studies carried out have shown that the composition of herbaceous vegetation used in the drawing of row spacing also affects the water penetration of the soil. The amount of absorbed water with natural turf was minimal and for the first hour of 1089 ml, for the second hour � 961 ml, and the third hour � 578 ml. In case of sowing in the rows spacing of garden the clover-Timothy meadow grass mixture the amount of soil absorbed water was greater. The maximum amount of water was absorbed by soil in the variant with sowing of clover and Timothy grass in the ratio of 7:3.