Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The paper presents the research results of the leafhopper (Metcalfa Pruinosa) aggregation and dispersal in the agricultural landscape of the Krasnodar Territory vineyards. The research was carried out in 2015 � 2019 in the main viticulture zones of the Krasnodar Territory in industrial vineyards of various grape species. The route counting method and generally accepted ecological and entomological methods were used. As a result, M. Pruinosa was found besides the grapevine with even density to inhabit many other plants: three-prickly gleditsia (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), common hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata Poir.), May rosehip (Rosa majalis Herrm.), Prickly plum (blackthorn, or Prunus spinosa L.), bush blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.), cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.), Beautiful catalpa (Catalpa speciosa Warder ex Engelm.), flowering maple/ Chinese bellflower (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.). The waxy leafhopper�s (M Pruinosa�s) extensive colonization of forest belts in the agricultural landscape, its population growth, and the pests number dynamics in the vineyards of the Krasnodar Territory are shown; the enlisted factors� influence is analysed. The phytophage�s number is higher in the zone proximity to the hearth of pest aggregation, and gradually decreases when moving deeper into the vineyard. The harmfulness assessment of wine and table grape species was carried out. A tendency to reduce the shoots productivity of wine grape species reaches an economically insignificant level of 4.1-4.7%. M. �ruinosa's aggregation on bunches of table varieties leads to a decrease in marketability by 14.2-18.1 %, which proves economically significant damage. To overcome the situation, it is necessary to develop control measures for wax leafhoppers in the vineyards of table grape species. When controlling the pest in ampelocenoses, it is necessary to monitor its foci in forest belts.

Annotation

In modern environmental conditions of ampelocenoses, the areal habitats on grapes of hidden sucking pests, such as the grape felt mite (Colomerus vitis Pgst.) and phylloxera (leaf or gall form) (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (gallicolae) Fitch.) are expanding. The purpose of the research is to assess the vineyards colonization in the Western Ciscaucasia with these phytophages and, thus, estimate their harmfulness. The research was carried out in 2014-2020 in industrial vineyards, according to commonly accepted methods. The results obtained showed the tendency to expand for the studied pests� hostal-topical trophic specialisation and, consequently, the increased pests� economical harmfulness. The studies proved economically damaging harmfulness from leaf phylloxera and grape felt mite in the region, revealed a considerable decrease in the grape shoots productivity and lower concentration of sugars in the bunch overall causing serious economic damage. European grape species of V. vinifera belonging to the Western European group (convar. occidentalis Negr. subconvar. gallica Nem. � Rhine Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Caberhnet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Muller Thurgau) suffer from the most felt mite population. The Euro-American hybrids: Moldova, Bianca, Pervenets Magaracha recently were noticed as hosting the felt mite population, which indicates the expansion of the phytophage�s gostal food specialization. Additionally, for the first time in the Western Ciscaucasia, the felt mite topical specialization appeared in the form of inflorescences and young clusters damages. Complex interspecific Euro-American hybrids most populated by leaf phylloxera in the Western Ciscaucasia conditions are Bianca, Augustine, Moldova, Doina. A complex Euro-American-Amur hybrid is Bruskam, as well as rootstock varieties of American origin are Kober 5 BB and Kober CO4. An expansion of the gostal food specialization as well as the leafy phylloxera colonization of the atypical varieties of V. vinifera belonging to the Western European group was observed, especially, light-colored, medium-ripening varieties (Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Rhine Riesling, Aligote, Pinot Blanc, Muller Thurgau). The joint colonization of the grape leaves of different genotype varieties by the grape felt mite and the leaf form of phylloxera was noted. For both pests, a significant decrease in the shoots productivity and mass concentration of sugars was found with a high degree of damage on the varieties/species.