Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

One way to improve the efficiency of grapes plants breeding in vitro is the method of induction of multiple shoots on various types of cultural medium. Applying this method, we can significantly increase in the multiplication factor of plants and, therefore, to achieve the increase in the production of planting material free from viral and bacterial infection. The aim of our study was to determine the optimal culture medium for the induction of multiple grapes shoots in vitro by applying the mathematical apparatus of multi-criterial optimization. Study was carried out in the laboratory of tissue culture V.E. Tairov "Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking" on grapes varieties of Mechta, Kobzar, Original. In order to optimize the composition of the nutrient medium for the formation of multiple shoots we tested the various medium options. To improve the efficiency of induction of multiple shoots of grapes plants in the culture in vitro was studied and proved the advantage of using semi-liquid medium in comparison with solid and liquid medium. When using the multi-criterion optimization methods it is determined the optimal nutrient medium, namely a modified semi-solid MS medium, which contributed to a better survival, differentiation, regeneration and productivity of meristems of grapes plants. It is shown that the introduction of an improved method of induction of multiple shoots helped to increase in the multiplication factor of grapes in vitro culture to 1: 9.5, and this method reduced the cost of micro clones of grapes in the early stages of micropropagation by 90%.

Annotation

The results of scientific research on the application of food starches for preparing solid nutrient media in cultivation of grapes in vitro are presented. Positive influence of corn, potato and wheat starches on processes of establishment, proliferation and development of microclones of grapes is experimentally proved.